Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar/165. Final Clauses

Wilhelm Gesenius, edited and enlarged by Emil Kautzsch601199Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar — Final Clauses1909Arthur Ernest Cowley

§165. Final Clauses.[1]

a 1. Like most of the dependent clauses hitherto treated, the final clause may also be joined by a simple wāw copulative to the main clause, unless the final clause is directly subordinated to the governing verb.

Examples of the connexion: (α) of a final imperfect (or jussive?) with a perfect by means of וְ, La 119, see § 107 q; with an interrogative sentence, 2 S 91, 3, Jb 3824; with an optative, ψ 519; with an imperative, 1 K 1121; (β) of a cohortative with an imperative by וְ, Gn 2921, 1 S 1516, or a jussive, Neh 25 (§ 108 d); (γ) of a jussive with an imperative by וְ, Ex 91, 2 S 1611, 1 K 520, ψ 5914, 8617; with a jussive, Jb 2119, or cohortative, § 109 f, g (cf. also 2 S 2421 the infinitive with לְ, Jon 111 מָה with the 1st plur. imperf., and 2 Ch 2910 עִם־לְבָבִי, which are equivalent to cohortatives); (δ) of an imperative with a jussive, cohortative, or interrogative sentence by וְ, § 110 i; (ε) of a perfect consecutive after another perfect consecutive, Lv 1436; after an imperfect, § 112 m and p; similarly after a jussive, § 112 q; after an imperative, § 112 r.—On negative final clauses joined by וְלֹא to the imperfect (so Ex 2843, 3020; and 2 S 1325 after אַל־נָא with a jussive in the main clause) see the Rem. on § 109 g. In Ex 2832, 3923 the negative final clause is simply connected by לֹא.—On the use of an historical statement after verbs of commanding, where we should expect a final clause (e.g. Neh 139 then I commanded, and they cleansed, equivalent to that they should cleanse, and they cleansed; in Jb 97 a negative final clause is connected in this way by וְלאֹ), cf. § 120 f.

For examples of the direct subordination of the final imperfect (without וְ) see § 120 c.

b 2. Final conjunctions are לְמַ֫עַן אֲשֶׁר to the end that; also simply לְמַ֫עַן Gn 1213, 2725, Ex 45, ψ 516, &c.; בַּֽעֲבוּר אֲשֶׁר prop. for the purpose that, Gn 2710, and simply בַּֽעֲבוּר Gn 274, Ex 914, 2020; also the simple אֲשֶׁר[2] Dt 410, 40, 6:3, 32:46, Jos 37, Neh 814 f.; negatively, אֲשֶׁר לֹא Gn 117, 243, 1 K 2216; or שֶׁ ּ Ec 314; also negatively, עַל־דִּבְרַת שֶׁלֹּא for the matter (purpose) that ... not, Ec 714; לְבִלְתִּי with imperfect, Ex 2020, 2 S 1414 that ... not.—Quite exceptional is the use of מִן־ (if the text be right) in Dt 3311 מִן־יְקוּמוּן, with the imperfect, equivalent to that ... not [in prose, מִקּוּם].

c Rem. All the conjunctions here mentioned are naturally always used with the imperfect, see § 107 q (on the apparent exception in Jos 424, see § 74 g).—On the negative conjunctions אַל and פֶּן that not, lest, see § 152 f and w. On the infinitive with לְ[3] (also לְמַ֫עַן Gn 1819, 3722, &c.) as the equivalent of a final clause (Gn 115, 284, &c.), see § 114 f, h, p. On the continuation of such infinitival constructions by means of the finite verb, see § 114 r. On the negation of the final infinitive by לְבִלְתִּי, § 114 s. On the preposition מִן with a substantive or infinitive as the equivalent of a negative final clause (Gn 3129, 1 S 1523, &c.), see § 119 x and y.

  1. Cf. H. G. T. Mitchell, Final Constructions of Biblical Hebrew, Leipzig, 1879.
  2. In Ez 3627 a final clause is introduced by אֵת אֲשֶׁר, thus at the same time taking the form of an object-clause.
  3. On לְ as a supposed conjunction (equivalent to the Arabic li) 1 K 619, see § 66 i.