restoration and reform of Celtic studies, which marked the second generation of the present century in Ireland. Dr. Todd exerted himself particularly in procuring transcripts or accurate accounts of Irish manuscripts existing in foreign libraries — "endeavouring," in the words of Professor O'Curry, "to recover for his native country " as large a portion as possible " of her long lost and widely dispersed ancient literary remains." He edited for the Archaeological Society the Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius, with a translation and notes, and the Liber Hymnorum. He was the author of elaborate introductions to the works of other contributors to the publications of the same society. A list of Dr. Todd's published sermons and minor works will be found in Cotton's Fasti, ii., 126. He edited the Wars of the Gaedhiil and the Gaill for the Master of the Rolls' series. One of his most important and exhaustive volumes was a Life of St. Patrick (1864), and another valuable one was his Catalogue of Graduates who have proceeded to Degrees in the University of Dublin (1866). He was a frequent contributor to Notes and Queries. Dr. Todd collected a valuable library of books and manuscripts. He died at Rathfarnliam, 28th June 1869, aged 64, and was buried in St. Patrick's Cathedral churchyard, where a Celtic cross marks his restingplace. "At the sale of the library of the late Rev. Dr. Todd," says Notes and Queries," the books fetched prices far higher than were ever known in Dublin. His Irish manuscripts realized £780, and his interleaved copy of Ware, richly annotated by Dr. Todd, produced no less than £450; it was bought for the University Library [Cambridge]. O'Conor's Scriptores Hibernim fetched £36; Fleming's Collectanea Sacra, £70; the Ritual of St. Patrick's Cathedral dated 1352, sold for £73 10s.; the Book of Lismore, £43 10s.; and the Book of Clonmacnoise, £31 10s. Many of the manuscripts were copied for Dr. Todd [by O'Curry] from unique manuscripts in the public libraries of England, Ireland, and Belgium." Some of the particulars in this notice have been taken from the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. i., 1870-'74. A movement has been set on foot to found a Celtic scholarship in connexion with the Academy, to perpetuate Dr. Todd's memory. 16 40 118 233
Todd, Robert Bentley, M.D., F.R.S., younger brother of preceding, was born in Dublin in 1809. He was educated at Trinity College, went to London in 1831, rose rapidly into practice and prominence, and was appointed Professor of Physiology in King's College in 1837. He took a leading part in founding King's College Hospital, to which he was physician from its opening in 1839 until within a few weeks of his death. He originated the plan of St. John's Training Institution for Nurses in 1847. The Annual Register says: "From the first he had shown the strongest taste for anatomical and physiological pursuits, which he followed with uncommon ardour, and became a lecturer on these subjects in the schools. They were the foundation of his subsequent success, giving to his thoughts and views that sound practical tone so much in harmony with the force of his own character, and which impressed itself so strongly on the medical doctrines of the day." In conjunction with Dr. Grant, he projected the Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, published between 1836 and 1859. With Dr. Bowman, he brought out an important work on Physiological Anatomy. He also published Clinical Lectures on Paralysis (London, 1854), Clinical Lectures on the Urinary Organs (London, 1856), and numerous other works. Dr. Todd died at his residence in London, 30th January 1860, aged about 51, and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery. 7 16
Toland, John, a theologian, was born at Eskaheen, in the County of Donegal, 30th November 1670. His real name was O'Tuathalain. Harris says that he was baptized Janus Junius. In the preface to his Pantheisticon he signs himself Janus Junius Eoganesius. Before he was sixteen he left the Roman Catholic Church, in the tenets of which he had been educated, and afterwards passed some time successively at the Universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leyden, and Oxford. By constant reading in the Bodleian Library, he collected the materials for much of his subsequent writings. Early in life he showed that predilection for paradoxes and curious speculations which formed afterwards a marked feature of his literary productions. He became the correspondent of Leibnitz, Le Clerc, and Bayle, and had established a literary reputation almost before he attained man's estate. His first great work, published in 1696, Christianity not Mysterious, was received with great disfavour by the orthodox world. Toland denied that it was designed in any way as an attack on Christianity, but "only on those subtractions, additions, and other alterations, which have corrupted that pure institution." To avoid the storm it caused, he returned to Ireland; but the book preceded him, he was generally avoided, and a jury, some of the members of which 525
