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HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOEING.

cise information with regard to them. This turf-pit has yielded numbers of coins from the first half of the 15th

fig. 29

century to the year 1480. These were only covered by 23½ inches of turf, still spongy, but which had nevertheless taken at least four centuries to form. Taking this particular case into consideration, and reckoning the overlying deposit as accumulating at the rate of 6 inches in a century,—far too low an estimate by reason of the