line having been opened on Jan. 1, 1903. Nearly every family in Honolulu, it is said, has its telephone — so amply equipped is the city.
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| GENERAL JOHN B. HOOD |
Hood, John Bell, an American soldier, was born at Owingsville, Ky., June 1, 1831. He graduated from West Point in 1853, and served in the United States army in Texas and elsewhere on the frontier. When the Civil War began, he resigned and entered the Confederate service, in which he rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. He was wounded at Gaines' Mill, Gettysburg and Chickamauga, where he lost a leg. He commanded a corps under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in the Atlanta campaign, 1864, and succeeded Johnston in command of that army. Compelled to evacuate Atlanta after desperate fighting, he moved on Sherman's communications, fought a losing battle at Franklin, Tenn., but pushed on to Nashville, where he was disastrously defeated by Gen. Geo. H. Thomas on Dec. 16, 1864. At his own request he was then relieved of his command. His book, Advance and Retreat, was printed after his death, which occurred at New Orleans on Aug. 30, 1879.
Hood, Robin, an English bandit, celebrated in song and poetry. He is spoken of by almost every English poet. He is supposed to have been the last of the Saxons and to have lived about the close of the middle ages. He was brave, good-hearted and generous; his arrow never missed fire; and what he took from the rich he gave to the poor.
Hood, Thomas, an English poet, was born at London, May 23, 1798. His autobiography, Literary Reminiscences, tells us that until 13 years of age he was educated by two maiden ladies, and afterward all he knew he acquired without tutors. Showing some literary genius, he was made assistant-editor of the London Magazine, and this association developed his talents. His first poems attracted no attention, and it was not until the appearance of Eugene Aram that full recognition was accorded him. His writings were exceedingly numerous, so much so that many are without merit; but his lyrics, as The Song of the Shirt, the Bridge of Sighs and the Ode to Melancholy will never die. He was remarkable for his powers of punning, a power that in his hands was put to many new uses. He died at Devonshire Lodge, London on May 3, 1845.
Hook′er, Joseph, an American general, was born on Nov. 13, 1814, at Hadley, Mass., and graduated from West Point in 1837. He served in the Mexican War, reaching the rank of captain. He left the army in 1853, but in 1861 again offered his services. His bravery in the battles of the Peninsula won him the title of Fighting Joe. He took part at South Mountain, Antietam, Manassas, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville; carried Lookout Mountain; and was with Sherman in his invasion of Georgia. He had command of the Army of the Potomac in 1863, but was superseded by Meade shortly after his defeat at Chancellorsville. In March, 1868, he retired with the rank of major-general in the regular army, and died on Oct. 31, 1879.
Hooker, Thomas, a clergyman, born in Leicestershire, England, in 1586, after studying theology at Cambridge University and attracting great attention as a lecturer and preacher, came in 1633 to America. He had been cited before Archbishop Laud and threatened with the judgment of the Court of High Commission because of his Puritan tendencies. Hooker spent three years preaching in Holland prior to his emigration to New England. He became one of the two most famous of New England ministers; the other being John Cotton, who sailed to America on the same ship with Hooker. Hooker was not only a ready writer of sermons, but evidently a man of great organizing ability. He was pastor at Newton, now Cambridge, Mass., but in 1636 he removed with one hundred others to found a new settlement in what is now Hartford, Conn. Hooker is the true pioneer of the colony of Connecticut. Moreover, in 1869[??], Hooker went with Governor Haynes to an important consultation with Governor Winthrop, out of which came the first American union, the United Colonies of New England. Hooker died in 1647.
Hooke's Law describes an important phenomenon of elasticity, namely, that when a rod or wire of any material is stretched by a force, the elongation of the wire varies directly as the force. This law, which was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1675, holds only for those cases in which the forces are not so great as to exceed the limits of elasticity of the material. Hooke's law is now employed in a still more general sense to mean that the ratio of stress to strain is, within limits, a constant for all kinds of strains. See Elasticity.
Hoo′sac Tunnel, a tunnel of the Fitchburg Railroad built through Hoosac Mountain, one of the Green Mountains in western Massachusetts, is five miles long and
