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comprising 20,000 volumes and two million dollars, deeded by will in 1884 by Samuel Jones Tilden for the establishment and endowment of a public library in New York City. With these institutions have been incorporated the city's Free Circulating Library and other similar free libraries, in addition to the scheme of branch libraries which the city obtained through the liberality of Mr. Carnegie by his gift of $5,200,000. To the Lenox bequest have been added several other substantial collections and property gifts, contributed by relatives of the original donor. New York [City] University, an institution of higher learning in New York City. It had its inception at a meeting of citizens of high standing on Jan. 4, 1830. A committee appointed at this meeting received a large number of subscribers to the establishment of a new university on a “liberal and comprehensive foundation.” The first university council was elected by these subscribers on April 18, 1831. University College opened in the following year. The first building was erected on Washington Square in 1835. The law-school was opened the same year, the medical school in 1841, the school of applied science in 1862, the graduate school in 1886, the school of pedagogy in 1890, the veterinary college in 1898, and the school of commerce in 1900. The university comprises eight distinct faculties and schools of matriculants under its council and, in addition, the summer-school and the woman's law-class, both made up of nonmatriculants who are enrolled without examination. The era of greatest development was from 1890 to 1900. In 1891 22 acres of land, now known as University Heights, overlooking Harlem River, were acquired. Several buildings have been erected, in which some of the schools are now accommodated. The library, completed in 1900, is the chief architectural feature with its open colonnade, the Hall of Fame, extending halfway around and overlooking the Harlem. The library in 1907 contained 84,000 volumes. The university had 108 professors, 57 lecturers, 52 instructors, 38 assistants and 84 other officers; and enrolled 3,277 students in all schools. The grounds and buildings at University Heights, Washington Square and First Ave., between 25th and 26th Streets have a valuation of $3,500,000. The university has a productive endowment of $1,200,000 and an annual income, including $40,000 from subscribers, of $340,000. The university-council has authority to confer about 20 different academic degrees. New York, University of the State of, is a department of state and also is a federation of nearly 2,000 institutions of higher and secondary education. Its object is to promote such education. Its

organization includes educational agencies as diverse as academies and extension-courses, colleges and libraries, high schools and museums, and professional or technical schools, study-classes and universities. It is governed by the governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of state and superintendent of instruction, whose public office makes them regents, and by 19 regents elected as such by popular vote. They control the charters of educational institutions; confer honorary degrees; appoint boards to examine candidates for the professions; and distribute funds. They also supervise secondary institutions and professional education. The university consists of the administrative, collegiate, high-school and home-education departments, the state library and the state museum. It originated in 1784, Alexander Hamilton, James Duane, Ezra L'Hommedieu and other men of mark being its authors. The idea of an educational government, distinct from every teaching institution but bringing all into vital relations with the state, was reached later. New York's whole system of higher professional and technical education rests on the supervision of education in high schools and academies by the university. It has stimulated the improvement of commercial education and of business schools. The state library has over 1,064,865 manuscripts, pamphlets and volumes. The museum includes seven departments; engages in practical scientific experiment and pure research; and possesses extensive and valuable collections. Albany is the headquarters of the university. New Zea′land lies in the Pacific about 1,200 miles southeast of Australia and is the largest island in that ocean. It was discovered by Tasman in 1642. Captain Cook took possession for England in 1769. Settlement began about 1820. It is a British colony, with a local government extending to 1852. There are two principal islands, known as North Island and Middle Island, beside South or Stewart Island and some small outlying islets. The total area is estimated at 104,751 square miles, with a population (1911) of 1,009,244, exclusive of aborigines who chiefly are Maoris (62,184 in number). There were 2,570 Chinese. The chief town is Auckland, with a population, including suburbs, of 102,676. Wellington (70,729) is the seat of government. The other towns of note are Christchurch (80,193) and Dunedin (64,237). Of volcanic origin, New Zealand has chains of high mountains, hot geyser springs and other natural features of bold and varied character, incident to its eruptive origin. It has a temperate climate favorable to the growth of rich, succulent grasses and the rearing of sheep and cattle. Its area under crop in 1911 exceeded 16,000,000 acres, while 17,000,000 remained under forest, and