Similarly Brit. ŭ remains (written w) in the ultima; but appears as ỿ in other syllables, § 66 i;—ȩi remained and became ai in the ult., but became ẹi giving ei (≡ əi) in the penult, § 79;—Brit. ā is aw in the ult., o in the penult, § 71 i;—uw in the ult. is u in the penult, § 77 x; from i̯ü we find ü in the ult. and monosyllables, the easier i in the penult, § 36 ii.
(3) In one or two words the vowel of the old penult has dropped since the separation of W. and Bret.; thus W. crȳ́ẟ ‘shoemaker’ < *cerȳ́ẟ < Brit. *kar(p)íi̯ō: Bret. kere, § 86 i (5);—W. ysbryd < *spryd < *spyrýd < Lat. spiritus: Bret. spered.
On the other hand in some words an intrusive vowel developed before the accented syllable; Ml. W. dyly ‘deserves, owes’ comes through *dylý < *dlyᵹ, § 199 ii (2); the ỿ spread from this to other forms of the verb.—Ml. W. taraw ‘to strike’, tereu ‘strikes’ < *taráw, *tereu < *traw, *treu. The vowel did not spread from these to trawaf; the late Mn. tarawaf is an artificial lit. form, § 202 i (3).
(4) The accent in ýsgol, ýstrad, etc., now falls on a syllable that at one time had no existence. It is obvious that the shifting took place after the introduction of the prosthetic vowel. There is no evidence of that vowel in O. W. In the earliest Ml. W. we find Istrat and Strat, § 23 ii. The latter may be an archaic spelling, but it seems to show that the accent was on the a. We may therefore infer that the transition took place in the Early Ml. period. In some words the prosthetic vowel was never firmly established; and the accent remains in its original position in these, § 41 i.
iv. In Brit. the accent was apparently free as in Pr. Ar. As unaccented ā was shortened, it is seen that in *brā́teres (> broder) the accent was on the ante-penult; as ā which remained accented gives aw, the accent to give o must have shifted to the er in O. W., according to the general rule at that period. By the second shifting it went back to its original position, the new penult. Two shiftings must be assumed to explain such a form as ýsbryd, which involves a shifting from *(y)sprýd, which in turn implies a shifting from spírit-us.—It will be seen in the following pages that British cannot have shared the fixed initial accentuation of Goidelic.
§ 41. In some words in Mn. W. the accent falls on the ultima. These are
i. A few disyllables in which the first syllable is (1) ỿs- or (2) ỿm‑; as (1) ysgrī́n ‘shrine, coffin’, § 23 ii, ystrŷd ‘street’, ysgrḗch ‘screech’, ystṓr ‘store’; (2) ymwḗl ‘do thou visit’, ymā́d ‘do thou leave’. But most words with these initial syllables are accented regularly, as ýsgol ‘school’, ýsbryd ‘spirit’, ýsgwyd ‘to shake’, ýmdaith ‘journey’, ýmgudd D.G. 374 ‘hides’. In some cases we have both accentuations, see ýmwel below;
