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76

Phonology

§§ 60, 61

‘precious’ < *Pr. Kelt. q^u̯rīt‑. O. H. G. rīm, O. E. rīm ‘number’: Ir. rīm, W. rhīf ‘number’ < Pr. Kelt. *rīm‑. Ar. suffix *‑īno‑, as in Lat. su-īnus: W. ‑in § 153 (10) < Pr. Kelt. *‑īno‑.

v. Ar. ō (Lat. ō, Gk. ω). Lat. ōcior, Gk. ὠκύς, Skr. ās̑úḥ ‘quick’: Ml. W. di-awc, Mn. W. di-og ‘idle’ < Pr. Kelt. *āk-us.—Lat. ignōtus, nōtus, Gk. γνωτός: Ir. gnāth ‘known, accustomed’, W. gnawd ‘customary’ < Pr. Kelt. *gnātos.—Lat. flōs, O. H. G. bluot ‘bloom’: Ir. blāth, Ml. W. blawt ‘blossom’ < Pr. Kelt. *blāt‑.

In final syllables Ar. ō > Kelt. ū; this became ǖ, later ī in Brit., and affected a preceding vowel, § 69 i; it remains as ‑ī in W. cī ‘dog’ § 132 (1). But when followed by a final nasal ō became o in Pr. Kelt.; thus Ir. gen. pl. fer ‘of men’ implies *u̯irŏn from *u̯irōm *‑ōm: Gk. ‑ων).

vi. Ar. ū (Lat. ū, Gk. ῡ). Lat. tū, Gk. τῡ́-νη), O. Icel. þū, Avest. tū: Ir. tū, W. tī ‘thou’ < Pr. Kelt. *tū.—O. H. G. rūna, O. Icel. rūn ‘secret, rune’: Ir. rūn, W. rhīn ‘secret’ < Pr. Kelt. *rūn‑.—Lat. cūlus: Ir. cūl, W. cīl ‘back’ < Pr. Kelt. *kūl‑.

§ 60. The Aryan short diphthongs remained in Pr. Kelt.; see examples in §§ 75, 76. In the long diphthongs the long vowels developed as elsewhere; thus āi, āu remained; ēi > īi̯; ēu > īu; in syllables not final ōi, ōu became āi, āu respectively; in final syllables ōi > ūi, later doubtless ū, but seemingly still written ‑ουι in Gaulish, Rhys CIG. 5; ōu > ūu̯; §§ 75, 76.

§ 61. i. (1) Aryan l̥, r̥ (Lat. ul, or; Gk. αλ, λα, αρ, ρα; Germ. ul, ur; Skr. r̥, r̥) probably remained in Pr. Kelt., but developed in all the groups as li, ri. Thus Ar. *ml̥k̑‑t- (√melg̑- ‘milk’) > Lat. mulctus: Ir. mlicht, blicht, W. blith ‘milch’ < *mlikt- < Pr. Kelt. *ml̥kt- (W. ar-mel ‘the second milk’, mel-foch ‘suckling pigs’ < F-grade *melg̑‑).—Ar. *k̑l̥‑t- (√k̑el- ‘hide’) > Lat. oc-cult-us: Ir. clethi ‘celandum’, W. clyd ‘sheltered’ < Pr. Kelt. *kl̥t‑.—Ar. *pr̥t- (√per-) > Lat. portus, O.H.G. furt: Gaul. ‑ritum, O. W. rit, Mn. W. rhyd ‘ford’ < Pr. Kelt. *(p)r̥t‑.—Ar. *q^u̯r̥m-is ‘worm’ > Skr. kŕ̥mi‑ḥ, Lith. kirmis: Ir. cruim, W. pryf 'worm' < Pr. Kelt. *q^u̯r̥mis.—Ar. *dr̥k̑- (√ derk̑‑) > Gk. ἔδρακον ‘I saw’, Skr. dŕ̥s̑- ‘look’: Ir. drech ‘aspect’, W. drych ‘appearance’, e-drychaf ‘I look’ < Pr. Kelt. *dṛk‑.