properly double ƚƚ § 54 i (2)). Examples: sm: W. twymyn ‘fever’ < *tepes-men- § 86 i (3).—W. ym ‘we are’, Ir. ammi < Kelt. *ésmesi § 179 ix (3).—sn: W. onn-en ‘ash’, Ir. huinn-ius < *os‑n‑: Lat. ornus < *osinus, O. H. G. as‑k, E. ash.—W. bronn ‘breast’, Ir. bruinne id. < *brus‑n‑: O. H. G. brus‑t ‘breast’.—sl: W. coll ‘hazel’, Ir. coll < *qos‑l‑: Lat. corulus < *cosulus, O. H. G. hasal, E. hazel, Lith. kasulas ‘spear’.—sr: W. fferru ‘to congeal’ < *spis‑r‑: Lat. spissus ‘thick’. After a long vowel or diphthong n or r is simplified, as in ffūn ‘breath’ < *spois‑n- § 96 iv (1);—gw̯awr ‘dawn’ < *u̯ōs‑r‑: Lat. vēr ‘spring’ < *u̯ēs‑r, √eu̯es‑. But the simplification took place too late to give *f, *l for m, ll in twymyn, pwyll, etc.; and ‑m, ‑ll remained double after simple vowels and shortened them, as in drŭm § 100 v, dŭll (2) below.
(2) An explosive before one of the above groups simply disappears; thus *prə-t-snā > W. rhann § 63 vii (2);—*tuk-slo‑s > W. twll § 86 ii (3);—*dr̥k-smā > W. drem ‘sight’, √derk̑- § 61 i;—W. rhwym ‘band’ < *reig-smen > √reig̑‑: Lat. corrigia;—W. pwyll, Ir. cīall ‘thought’ < *qu̯eit‑sl‑: Skr. cit-tá‑m ‘thought’, caityaḥ ‘soul’;—W. dull ‘manner, appearance’ < *doik‑sl‑, √deik̑‑: Gk. δείκνυμι.
(3) But a sonant in the above position remains. Examples: W. garm ‘shout’, Ir. gairm < *g̑ar-smn̥, √g̑ā̆r‑: Lat. garrio;—W. telm ‘snare’, Ir. tailm, gen. telma < *tel‑sm‑: Gk. τελαμών ‘thong’;—Ml. W. anmyneẟ (now amynedd), Ir. ainmne ‘patience’ < *n̥-smenii̯ā, √menēi̯ ‘thought’, pref. n̥- ‘in’;—W. mymryn ‘a little bit’, Ir. mīr ‘a bit of flesh’ < *mēmsro‑m (ī shortened in Brit., m lost in Ir.): Lat. membrum < *mēmsrom, Gk. μηρός < *mēmsros or *mēsros, Skr. mās ‘flesh’;—W. cern ‘back of cheek’ < *k̑ersn‑: Lat. cernuus < *k̑ersn‑, Gk. κάρηνον < *k̑ₑrasnom) Lat. cerebrum < *k̑erasrom; W. carr yr ên ‘jawbone’ either < *k̑ₑr’s‑r- (: cf. Lat. cerebrum) or simply *k̑ₑr’s‑;—W. amnaid ‘nod’ (for *anmeid), O. W. pl. enmeituou, O. Bret. enmetiam gl. innuo < *en-smet‑: Ir. smētim ‘I nod’ < *sment‑. It is to be observed that m in these groups = mm, and is not mutated to f.
iii. (1) Ar. ‑ms‑, ‑ns- became ‑ss- in Pr. Kelt., and appear so in Gaul., Ir., and W. Thus Gaul. esseda ‘war-chariot’ < *en-sed-ā § 63 ii; and acc. pl. ‑ass in artuass (like Lat. ‑ās) < *‑āns. In
