above; di-stadl ‘insignificant’, lit. ‘without standing’, cf. cystadl above.
We have perhaps to assume *u̯os- (cf. Lat. sus‑) beside u̯o- and *dēs- beside *dē‑, giving *‑sst- beside *‑st‑, resulting in ‑st- beside ‑s‑. It is however to be borne in mind that forms with prefixes were not originally fast compounds; and thus the form after a prefix may represent the old initial.
(4) Before r or l, Ar. st remains in all positions in W. Thus W. ystrad < *strə‑t‑, √sterō- § 63 vii (2);—W. ystrew, trew ‘sneeze’ < *streus- § 76 ii (2), √pstereu‑: Lat. sternuo, Gk. πτάρνυμι;—W. ystlys ‘side’, Ir. sliss ‘side’ < *stl̥t‑s‑: Lat. latus < *stlət-os, √stel(ā)‑;—W. arwestr ‘band, (apron‑)string’ < *are-u̯est-rā: Gk. Dor. ϝέστρᾱ (γέστρα· στολή Hes.), Lat. vestis;—W. rhwystr ‘obstacle’ < *reig-s-tro- ‘*snare’: W. rhwym § 95 ii (2);—W. bustl ‘gall’ (u for y § 77 vii (2)), Corn. bistel, Bret. bestl < *bis‑tl‑: Lat. bīlis < *bis-lis (different suffixes ‑tl‑: ‑l‑);—W. destl ‘neat, trim’, di-ddestl ‘clumsy, unskilful’ D.G. 196, 240 < *deks‑tl‑: Lat. dexter, Gk. δεξιός, W. dehau ‘right’, etc. It is seen that a consonant before the group drops.
On the other hand when st came before an explosive the t dropped; thus stk > sk, as in W. asgwrn, Ml. ascwrn ‘bone’ < *ast-korn: Gk. ὀστέον, see (2) above (initial a/o altern. § 63 v (2)); and llosgwrn ‘tail’ similarly formed from *lompst‑, see (3);—W. gwisg ‘dress’ < *u̯ēst‑q‑, di-osg ‘to undress’ < *dē-u̯ost‑q‑, √u̯es‑: Lat. vestis, etc.
(5) Ar. ts gives ss in Ir. and W. Original ds and dhz became ts, giving the same result.—W. blys ‘strong desire’ < *mlit‑s‑, noun in ‑s- beside melys ‘sweet’ participle in ‑t- § 87 ii, base *meleit‑;—W. llys ‘court’, Ml. Bret. les, Ir. liss, less < *(p)l̥t‑’s‑. with an ‑s- suffix which lost its vowel, added to *pl̥th- § 63 viii (1);—W. aswy, Ml.W. asswy, asseu ‘left (hand)’ < *at-soui̯ó‑s < *ad-seu̯i̯ós: Skr. savyáḥ ‘left’.—An explosive before the group drops; thus W. nos ‘night’ < nom. *not‑s < *noqu̯t‑s beside noeth in trannoeth ‘the following day’, heno, O. W. henoid (≡ henoyth) ‘to-night’ from oblique cases *nokt‑; so glas- ‘milk’ < *gləkt‑s § 63 vii (3); tes ‘heat’ < *tekts < *tep‑t‑s: Lat. tepeo, etc. A nasal before the group drops, § 95 iii (3); but a liquid remains, and the group becomes ll or rr, § 95 iv (2).
iii. (1) Ar. sk̑- appears as sc- in Ir., as sc- or h- (< χ) in W.
