ei, Lat. ē; thus cannw͡yll < Lat. candēla; tŵyll ‘deceit’ < Lat. tēla; tywyll ‘dark’ § 38 x for *tyw̯-w͡yll § 76 vii (2) < *temeil- < *temes-elo-s: Bret. teval, teñval for *teñvol, Corn. tiwul, Ir. temel: Lat. tenebrae < *temesrai, Skr. tamasáḥ ‘dark-coloured’; but not after Brit. ai, e. g. coel ‘omen’ < *kail- < *qai̯(u̯)l‑: O. H. G. heilisōn ‘augurari’: Ir. cēl < *keil‑.—(β) Between two i’s, as in Ebrill < Lat. Aprīlis; pebyll ‘tent’ < Lat. pāpilio.
ii. (1) When b‑b, d‑d, g‑g came together after the loss of a vowel they became double p, t, c respectively, simplified before the accent, and before a sonant ; as in Catéyrn for Catté|ɥrn < *Cad-diᵹirn- < Brit. Cato-tigirn- (Rhys no. 47); meitin < *meid-din < Lat. mātūtīnum § 70 v; wynepryd ‘countenance’ < *wyneb-bryd; and in the example bywiócledd < bywiog gledd:
- A’m bẃcled a’m bywiócledd
- Yn arfau maen ar fy medd.—G.Gl., m 146/198.
‘And my buckler and live sword as weapons of stone [carved] on my grave.’
When the explosives came together in different words they resulted in a double consonant, voiced at the implosion, but voiceless with the new impulse at the explosion. This change is not now represented in writing ; but in mss. and early printed books ‑d d- etc. frequently appear as ‑d t- etc. ; thus Nid Toethineb heb len p 54/356 r. ‘There is no wisdom without learning’; Gwnaed tuw ag enaid howel p 63/7 r. ‘Let God do with the soul of Howel’; Ygwaed ta a vac tëyrn p 52/22 ‘Good blood begets a king’; Glowed tim ond y glod tau c.c. 342 ‘To hear anything but thy praise’; i’r wlad tragwyddol b.cw. 86 ‘to the eternal land’; Y Ddraig côch ddyry cychwyn g. 177 ‘The Red Dragon gives a leap’. “Two /b/ standeth in force of /p/….mab byχan most be pronounced as if ytt were wrytten mab pyχan” J. J. Ỻ 144/51. In all cynghanedd prior to the 19th cent. such a combination corresponds to a tenuis. The writers of the recent period sometimes treat it as a media.
(2) ẟẟ became th in nyth, syth, etc. § 97 ii; cf. dial. rhōth for *rhoẟẟ < rhoẟoẟ ‘gave’. Similarly ᵹᵹ became ch in dichon § 196 ii (2). But generally two voiced spirants remained, written single, as in prifarẟ for prif-farẟ ‘chief bard’.
iii. (1) When a media was followed by h the two became a double tenuis; thus ateb (t ≡ tt) ‘reply’ < *ad-heb < *ati-sequ̯‑, √sequ̯- ‘say’; drycin ‘storm’ § 27 i < *dryg-hin; gw̯lypaf ‘wettest’ for *gw̯lyb-haf § 147 ii.
When the sounds came together in different words they gave the double sound dt etc., see ii (1) above; and in all standard cynghanedd ‑d h- corresponds to t, ‑b h- to p, ‑g h- to c; as Oer yw heb hwn, ŵr hy pert Gr.H. G. 99.
(2) Similarly in some cases fh > ff; ẟh > th; as in lloffa ‘to glean’ § 110 iii (1), § 201 iii (4); diwethaf ‘last’ § 149 i; rhotho § 186 ii;
