The idea that ‑gar means ‘loving’ (caru ‘to love’), which clearly cannot be the case in epilgar, enillgar, dengar, etc., has resulted in the formation in the late period of new adjectives in which it bears that meaning; as gwladgar ‘patriotic’, ariangar ‘money-loving’. But many new formations in the dialects preserve the original force of the suffix, as sgilgar ‘skilful’ from E. skill. It need hardly be added that Stokes’s implied explanation of trugar as ‘loving the wretched’ Fick⁴ ii 138 is fanciful, as also the popular explanation of hawddgar as ‘easy to love’.
(9) ‑ig, Ml.W. ‑ic < Kelt. *‑īkos: Skr. ‑īka‑ḥ, Lat. ‑īc‑, Gk. ‑ῑκ‑; as unig ‘only, lonely’, deheuig ‘dexterous’, lloerig ‘lunatic’, bonheddig ‘gentle‑’, etc.; O.W. cisemic juv. gl. primus.
(10) ‑in < Kelt. *‑īnos: Skr. ‑īna‑ḥ, Gk. ‑ῑνος, Lat. ‑īnus, Lith. ‑ynas (y ≡ ī); it is added to names of materials, as in derwin m.a. i 191 ‘oaken’, lletrin b.t. 9 ‘leathern’, meinin E.P. ps. xviii 29 ‘of stone’, daeerin, heyernin § 75 vi (3); and to adjectives as gerwin ‘rough’ (garw ‘rough’), gwerthefin ‘highest’, cysefin ‘primitive’ § 95 iii (3), cf. O.W. cisemic above.
(11) ‑lawn, Mn.W. ‑lawn, ‑lon ‘‑ful’ = llawn ‘full’, § 63 vii (2); as ffrwythlon ‘fruitful’, prydlon ‘punctual’, heddychlon ‘peaceful’, bodlon § 111 vii (1), etc.
(12) ‑lyd, after n or r ‑llyd, Ml.W. ‑lyt, ‑llyt ‘covered with’ < *(p)l̥t‑, √plethē- § 63 viii (1); as llychlyt r.m. 145 ‘dusty’, dysdlyt chweinllyt do. 146 ‘dusty flea-infested’, seimlyd ‘greasy’, rhydlyd ‘rusty’, creulyd, gwaedlyd ‘bloody’, tomlyd ‘dungy’, tanllyd ‘fiery’. When added to adjectives it is the equivalent of lled‑ ‘rather’: Ir. leth ‘half’, which is ultimately from the same root (‘*stretch out > *surface > *side > half’); as gwanllyd ‘rather weak’, oerllyd ‘coldish’.
(13) ‑us < Lat. ‑ōsus; originally in Lat. derivatives as dolurus ‘sore’ < Lat. dolōrōsus, llafurus, Ml.W. llafurẏus < Lat. labōriōsus; as the nouns dolur, llafur had also been borrowed the adjectives seemed to be formed from these by the addition of an adj. suff. ‑us, which was subsequently added to W. forms, gweddus ‘seemly’ (gwedd § 63 iv), clodus, clodforus ‘renowned’, grymus ‘strong’, etc.
Note.—melus is a late misspelling; melys ‘sweet’ has y, as melis (i ≡ y § 16 ii (2)) b.b. 83, 101, melys b.a. 3, Ỻ.A. 42, 70, r.b.b. 208, melyster Ỻ.A. 129, 149, r.b.b. 44. The error is due to the late levelling of u and ɥ, § 15 i, and the false notion that the word is formed from mêl ‘honey’ by the addition of ‑us. In derived forms the sound is ỿ as melỿsach, as opposed to grymusach, and the v.n. is melỿsu D.W. 112, as opposed to grymuso, see § 202 iii, iv (Pughe’s meluso is a fiction). melys is cognate with Ir. milis, and is clearly a direct derivative of Ar. base *meleit- § 87 ii, and so is many centuries older than any form in ‑us, a suffix borrowed from Lat.
