chwUiath D.G. 319 (beside chwilota) annos ' to incite ' (beside annog)\ gwastrod-edd Gr.O. 178, 300 from gwaxtraiod 'groom', suff. 143 iii (13).
§ 204. i. Many verbal nouns have no verbs, but are used exactly like other v.n.'s in construction. Most of them have been named : cardota, biota, etc. 201 iii (4) (a), cyfeddack, etc. 203 i (3), germain, etc. 203 ii (3) ; godro ' to milk'; ym-ladd 1 to tire one's self ' <*mbi-l9d-, Vied- : Gk. XrjSeiv ' to be tired', Lat. lassiis 156 i (2) ; but$m-la6 ' to fight', V qotid- 101 ii (3), is conjugated throughout ; 41 i.
ii. The most important v.n.'s without verbs are byw ' to live ' and marw ' to die '. They are also abstract nouns, and adjectives.
(1) They are v.n.'s after wedi, or yn with the radical, in periphrastic conjugation or forming participle equivalents :
- Os marw bun, oes mwy o'r byd ?
- Mae'r haf wedy marw hefyd. T.A., c. ii 79.
' If the maiden is dead does the world any longer exist 1 Summer is dead too.'
- I fardd ydwyf, ar ddidol,
- Yn brudd yn byw ar i 61. T.A., A 24980/166.
' His bard am I, in seclusion, living sadly after him.'
Also when qualified by an adverbial expression consisting of yn and an adj., as byivn gymwys W.IL. F. 32 ' to live justly '.
- Gwell bedd a gorwedd gwirion
- Na byw'n bir yn y been hon. D.G. 108.
' Better the grave and innocent rest than to live long in this pain.'
(2) They are abstract nouns when qualified directly by adjectives, as marw mawr ' great mortality ', byw da ' good living ', or when they follow yii, with the nasal mutation :
- A m ych dwyn ym my w 'ch dynion
- Yr oerai'r sir, eryr Sion. T.A., G. 229.
' Because you were taken in the lifetime of your men the shire became cold, eagle[-son] of Sion.'
Also generally with prefixed pronouns : odihenghy a'th vyw gennyt w.M. 476 ' if thou escapest with thy life ' : Mn. W. yn ft/ myw ' in ray life ', meaning ' for the life of me '.
