United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 1/Section 104
- (a) The Judicial Conference of the United States shall transmit to the Congress and to the President before May 1, 1985, and before May 1 of every sixth year after May 1, 1985, a recommendation for the uniform percentage adjustment of each dollar amount in this title and in section 1930 of title 28.
- (b)(1) On April 1, 1998, and at each 3-year interval ending on April 1 thereafter, each dollar amount in effect under sections 101(3), 101(18), 101(19A), 101(51D), 109(e), 303(b), 507(a), 522(d), 522(f)(3) and 522(f)(4), 522(n), 522(p), 522(q), 523(a)(2)(C), 541(b), 547(c)(9), 707(b), 1322(d), 1325(b), and 1326(b)(3) of this title and section 1409(b) of title 28 immediately before such April 1 shall be adjusted -
- (A) to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, published by the Department of Labor, for the most recent 3-year period ending immediately before January 1 preceding such April 1, and
- (B) to round to the nearest $25 the dollar amount that represents such change.
- (2) Not later than March 1, 1998, and at each 3-year interval ending on March 1 thereafter, the Judicial Conference of the United States shall publish in the Federal Register the dollar amounts that will become effective on such April 1 under sections 101(3), 101(18), 101(19A), 101(51D), 109(e), 303(b), 507(a), 522(d), 522(f)(3) and 522(f)(4), 522(n), 522(p), 522(q), 523(a)(2)(C), 541(b), 547(c)(9), 707(b), 1322(d), 1325(b), and 1326(b)(3) of this title and section 1409(b) of title 28.
- (3) Adjustments made in accordance with paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to cases commenced before the date of such adjustments.
SOURCE edit
(Pub. L. 95-598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2555; Pub. L. 103-394, title I, Sec. 108(e), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4112; Pub. L. 109-8, title I, Sec. 102(j), title II, Secs. 224(e)(2), 226(b), title III, Sec. 322(b), title IV, Sec. 432(c), title X, Sec. 1002, title XII, Sec. 1202, Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 35, 65, 67, 97, 110, 186, 193.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES edit
LEGISLATIVE STATEMENTS edit
Section 104 represents a compromise between the House bill and the Senate amendment with respect to the adjustment of dollar amounts in title 11. The House amendment authorizes the Judicial Conference of the United States to transmit a recommendation for the uniform percentage of adjustment for each dollar amount in title 11 and in 28 U.S.C. 1930 to the Congress and to the President before May 1, 1985, and before May 1 of every sixth year thereafter. The requirement in the House bill that each such recommendation be based only on any change in the cost-of-living increase during the period immediately preceding the recommendation is deleted.
SENATE REPORT NO. 95-989 edit
This section requires that the Director of the Administrative Office of the U. S. Courts report to Congress and the President before Oct. 1, 1985, and before May 1 every 6 years thereafter a recommendation for adjustment in dollar amounts found in this title. The Committee feels that regular adjustment of the dollar amounts by the Director will conserve congressional time and yet assure that the relative dollar amounts used in the bill are maintained. Changes in the cost of living should be a significant, but not necessarily the only, factor considered by the Director. The fact that there has been an increase in the cost of living does not necessarily mean that an adjustment of dollar amounts would be needed or warranted.
HOUSE REPORT NO. 95-595 edit
This section requires the Judicial Conference to report to the Congress every four years after the effective date of the bankruptcy code any changes that have occurred in the cost of living during the preceding four years, and the appropriate adjustments to the dollar amounts in the bill. The dollar amounts are found primarily in the exemption section (11 U.S.C. 522), the wage priority (11 U.S.C. 507), and the eligibility for chapter 13 (11 U.S.C. 109). This section requires that the Conference recommend uniform percentage changes in these amounts based solely on cost of living changes. The dollar amounts in the bill would not change on that recommendation, absent Congressional veto. Instead, Congress is required to take affirmative action, by passing a law amending the appropriate section, if it wishes to accomplish the change.
If the Judicial Conference has policy recommendations concerning the appropriate dollar amounts in the bankruptcy code based other than on cost of living considerations there are adequate channels through which it may communicate its views. This section is solely for the housekeeping function of maintaining the dollar amounts in the code at fairly constant real dollar levels.
AMENDMENTS edit
- 2005 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 1202(1)-(4), in introductory provisions, inserted "101(19A)," after "101(18),", "522(f)(3) and 522(f)(4)," after "522(d),", and "541(b), 547(c)(9)," after "523(a)(2)(C)," and substituted "1322(d), 1325(b), and 1326(b)(3) of this title and section 1409(b) of title 28" for "and 1325(b)(3)".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 1002, inserted "101(18)," after "101(3)," in introductory provisions.
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 432(c), inserted "101(51D)," after "101(3)," in introductory provisions.
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 322(b), inserted "522(p), 522(q)," after "522(n)," in introductory provisions.
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 226(b), inserted "101(3)," after "sections" in introductory provisions.
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 224(e)(2), inserted "522(n)," after "522(d)," in introductory provisions.
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 102(j), substituted "523(a)(2)(C), 707(b), and 1325(b)(3)" for "and 523(a)(2)(C)" in introductory provisions. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 1202(1)-(3), (5), inserted "101(19A)," after "101(18),", "522(f)(3) and 522(f)(4)," after "522(d),", and "541(b), 547(c)(9)," after "523(a)(2)(C)," and substituted "1322(d), 1325(b), and 1326(b)(3) of this title and section 1409(b) of title 28" for "and 1325(b)(3) of this title".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 1002, inserted "101(18)," after "101(3),".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 432(c), inserted "101(51D)," after "101(3),".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 322(b), inserted "522(p), 522(q)," after "522(n),".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 226(b), inserted "101(3)," after "sections".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 224(e)(2), inserted "522(n)," after "522(d),".
- Pub. L. 109-8, Sec. 102(j), substituted "523(a)(2)(C), 707(b), and 1325(b)(3)" for "and 523(a)(2)(C)".
- 1994 - Pub. L. 103-394 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2005 AMENDMENT edit
Amendment by Pub. L. 109-8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, with amendments by sections 102(j), 224(e)(2), 226(b), 432(c), 1002, and 1202 of Pub. L. 109-8 not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, and amendment by section 322(b) of Pub. L. 109-8 applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title on or after Apr. 20, 2005, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109-8, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT edit
Amendment by Pub. L. 103-394 effective Oct. 22, 1994, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before Oct. 22, 1994, see section 702 of Pub. L. 103-394, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS edit
For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103-7 (in which a report required under subsection (a) of this section is listed on page 12), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104-66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
ADJUSTMENT OF DOLLAR AMOUNTS edit
By notice dated Feb. 18, 2004, 69 F.R. 8482, the Judicial Conference of the United States adjusted the dollar amounts in provisions specified in subsec. (b) of this section, effective Apr. 1, 2004, as follows:
11 U.S.C. Dollar amount to be New (adjusted)
adjusted dollar amount
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Section 109(e) - $290,525(!1) $307,675(!1).
allowable debt
limits for filing
bankruptcy under
Chapter 13
871,550(!1)
922,975(!1).
Section 303(b) -
minimum aggregate
claims needed for
the commencement of
an involuntary
bankruptcy:
(1) - in 11,625 12,300.
paragraph (1)
(2) - in 11,625 12,300.
paragraph (2)
Section 507(a) -
priority claims:
(1) - in 4,650 4,925.
paragraph (3)
(2) - in 4,650 4,925.
paragraph (4)(B)(i
(3) - in 4,650 4,925.
paragraph (5)
(4) - in 2,100 2,225.
paragraph (6)
Section 522(d) -
value of property
exemptions allowed
to the debtor:
(1) - in 17,425 18,450.
paragraph (1)
(2) - in 2,775 2,950.
paragraph (2)
(3) - in 450 475
paragraph (3)
9,300
9,850.
(4) - in 1,150 1,225.
paragraph (4)
(5) - in 925 975
paragraph (5)
8,725
9,250.
(6) - in 1,750 1,850.
paragraph (6)
(7) - in 9,300 9,850.
paragraph (8)
(8) - in 17,425 18,450.
paragraph (11)(D)
Section 1,150(!1) 1,225(!1).
523(a)(2)(C) -
"luxury goods and
services" or cash
advances obtained
by the consumer
debtor within 60
days before the
filing of a
bankruptcy
petition, which
are considered
nondischargeable.
(!1) Each time it appears. --------------------------------------------------------------------
By notice dated Feb. 13, 2001, 66 F.R. 10910, the Judicial Conference of the United States adjusted the dollar amounts in provisions specified in subsec. (b) of this section, effective Apr. 1, 2001, as follows:
11 U.S.C. Dollar amount to be New (adjusted)
adjusted dollar amount
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 109(e) - $269,250 (each time $290,525 (each time
allowable debt it appears) it appears).
limits for filing
bankruptcy under
Chapter 13
807,750 (each time
it appears)
871,550 (each time
it appears).
Section 303(b) -
minimum aggregate
claims needed for
the commencement of
an involuntary
bankruptcy:
(1) - in 10,775 11,625.
paragraph (1)
(2) - in 10,775 11,625.
paragraph (2)
Section 507(a) -
priority claims:
(1) - in 4,300 4,650.
paragraph (3)
(2) - in 4,300 4,650.
paragraph (4)(B)(i
(3) - in 4,300 4,650.
paragraph (5)
(4) - in 1,950 2,100.
paragraph (6)
Section 522(d) -
value of property
exemptions allowed
to the debtor:
(1) - in 16,150 17,425.
paragraph (1)
(2) - in 2,575 2,775.
paragraph (2)
(3) - in 425 450
paragraph (3)
8,625
9,300.
(4) - in 1,075 1,150.
paragraph (4)
(5) - in 850 925
paragraph (5)
8,075
8,725.
(6) - in 1,625 1,750.
paragraph (6)
(7) - in 8,625 9,300.
paragraph (8)
(8) - in 16,150 17,425.
paragraph (11)(D)
Section 1,075 (each time it 1,150 (each time it
523(a)(2)(C) - appears) appears).
"luxury goods and
services" or cash
advances obtained
by the consumer
debtor within 60
days before the
filing of a
bankruptcy
petition, which
are considered
nondischargeable.
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By notice dated Feb. 3, 1998, 63 F.R. 7179, the Judicial Conference of the United States adjusted the dollar amounts in provisions specified in subsec. (b) of this section, effective Apr. 1, 1998, as follows:
11 U.S.C. Dollar amount to be New (adjusted)
adjusted dollar amount
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 109(e) - $250,000 (each time $269,250 (each time
allowable debt it appears) it appears).
limits for filing
bankruptcy under
Chapter 13
750,000 (each time
it appears)
807,750 (each time
it appears).
Section 303(b) -
minimum aggregate
claims needed for
the commencement of
an involuntary
bankruptcy:
(1) - in 10,000 10,775.
paragraph (1)
(2) - in 10,000 10,775.
paragraph (2)
Section 507(a) -
priority claims:
(1) - in 4,000 4,300.
paragraph (3)
(2) - in 4,000 4,300.
paragraph (4)(B)(i
(3) - in 4,000 4,300.
paragraph (5)
(4) - in 1,800 1,950.
paragraph (6)
Section 522(d) -
value of property
exemptions allowed
to the debtor:
(1) - in 15,000 16,150.
paragraph (1)
(2) - in 2,400 2,575.
paragraph (2)
(3) - in 400 425
paragraph (3)
8,000
8,625.
(4) - in 1,000 1,075.
paragraph (4)
(5) - in 800 850
paragraph (5)
7,500
8,075.
(6) - in 1,500 1,625.
paragraph (6)
(7) - in 8,000 8,625.
paragraph (8)
(8) - in 15,000 16,150.
paragraph (11)(D)
Section 1,000 (each time it 1,075 (each time it
523(a)(2)(C) - appears) appears).
"luxury goods and
services" or cash
advances obtained
by the consumer
debtor within 60
days before the
filing of a
bankruptcy
petition, which
are considered
nondischargeable.
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