1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 28/Table of contributors

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XXVIII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS,^[1] WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE
ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. B. Go.

Alfred Bradley Gough, M.A., Ph.D. Sometime Casberd Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. English Lector in the University of Kiel, 1896-1905.

Westphalia, Treaty of.

A. C. S.

Algernon Charles Swinburne. See the biographical article: Swinburne, Algernon Charles.

Webster, John.

A. D. Mo.

Anson Daniel Morse, M.A., LL.D. Emeritus Professor of History at Amherst College, Mass. Professor at Amherst College, 1877-1908.

Whig Party.

A. E. S.

Arthur Everett Shipley, M.A., D. Sc., F.R.S. Master of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

Wasp (in part); Weevil (in part).

A. F. B.

Aldred Farrer Barker, M.Sc. Professor of Textile Industries at Bradford Technical College.

Wool, Worsted and Woollen Manufactures.

A. F. B.*

Archibald Frank Becke. Captain, Royal Field Artillery. Author of Introduction to the History of Tactics, 1740-1905; &c.

Waterloo Campaign.

A. F. H.

A. F. Hutchison, M.A. Sometime Rector of the High School, Stirling.

Wallace, Sir William.

A. F. L.

Arthur Francis Leach, M.A. Barrister-at-law, Middle Temple. Charity Commissioner for England and Wales. Formerly Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Education. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1874-1881. Author of English Schools at the Reformation; &c.

Waynflete, William; William of Wykeham.

A. F. P.

Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University of London. Assistant-Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901. Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Life of Thomas Cranmer; Henry VIII.; &c.

Walsingham, Francis; Wishart, George; Wolsey, Cardinal.

A. M. C.

Agnes Mary Clerke. See the biographical article: Clerke, Agnes M.

Zodiac.

A. N.

Alfred Newton, F.R.S. See the biographical article: Newton, Alfred.

Vulture; Wagtail; Warbler; Waxwing; Weaver-bird; Wheatear; Whitethroat; Wigeon; Woodcock; Woodpecker; Wren; Wryneck; Zosterops.

A. P. C.

Arthur Philemon Coleman, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. Professor of Geology in the University of Toronto. Geologist, Bureau of Mines, Toronto, 1893-1910. Author of Reports of the Bureau of Mines of Ontario.

Yukon Territory.

A. Sy.

Arthur Symons. See the biographical article: Symons, Arthur.

Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Comte de.

A. S. C.

Alan Summerly Cole, C.B. Formerly Assistant-Secretary, Board of Education, South Kensington. Author of Ornament in European Silks; Catalogue of Tapestry, Embroidery, Lace and Egyptian Textiles in the Victoria and Albert Museum; &c.

Weaving: Archaeology and Art.

A. S. P.-P.

Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Gifford Lecturer in the University of Aberdeen, 1911. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Man’s Place in the Cosmos; The Philosophical Radicals; &c.

Weber's Law; Wolff, Christian (in part).

A. v. O.

Aloys von Orelli. Formerly Professor of Law in the University of Zürich. Author of Das Staatsrecht der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft.

Veto.

A. W. H.*

Arthur William Holland. Formerly Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray’s Inn, 1900.

Widukind; Witan.

A. W. Hu.

Rev. Arthur Wollaston Hutton. Rector of Bow Church, Cheapside, London. Formerly Librarian of the National Liberal Club. Author of Life of Cardinal Manning. Editor of Newman’s Lives of the English Saints; &c.

Wiseman, Cardinal.

A. W. R.

Alexander Wood Renton, M.A., LL.B. Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England.

Waste.

B. E. S.

Benjamin Eli Smith, A.M. Editor of the Century Dictionary. Formerly Instructor in Mathematics at Amherst College, Mass., and in Psychology at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Editor of the Century Cyclopaedia of Names; Century Atlas; &c.

Whitney, William Dwight.

B. H.-S.

B. Heckstall-Smith. Associate of the Institute of Naval Architects. Secretary of the International Yacht Racing Union; Secretary of the Yacht Racing Association. Yachting Editor of The Field.

Yachting.

C. El.

Sir Charles Norton Edgcumbe Eliot, K.C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. H.M.’s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Africa Protectorate; Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar; Consul-General for German East Africa, 1900–1904.

Yue-chi.

C. F. A.

Charles Francis Atkinson. Formerly Scholar of Queen’s College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbor.

Wilderness: Grant's Campaign.

C. F. K.

Charles Francis Keary, M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge. Author of The Vikings in Western Christendom; Norway and the Norwegians; &c.

Viking.

C. H. Ha.

Carlton Huntley Hayes, A.M., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member of the American Historical Association.

Victor III. and IV. (Popes); Visconti (Family).

C. H. T.*

Crawford Howell Toy, A.M., LL.D. See the biographical article: Toy, Crawford Howell.

Wisdom, Book of;
Wisdom Literature.

C. K. W.

Charles Kingsley Webster, M.A. Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. Whewell Scholar, 1907.

Vienna, Congress of.

C. L. K.

Charles Lethbridge Kingsford, M.A., F.R.Hist.Soc., F.S.A. Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of Life of Henry V. Editor of Chronicles of London and Stow’s Survey of London.

Warwick, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of; Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of;
Whittington, Richard;
Worcester, John Tiptoft, Earl of;
York, Richard, Duke of.

C. R. B.

Charles Raymond Beazley, M.A., D.Litt., F.R.G.S., F.R.Hist.S. Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography, Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of Henry the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

Zemarchus.

C. W. R.

Charles Walker Robinson, C.B., D.C.L. Major-General (retired). Assistant Military Secretary, Headquarters of the Army, 1890–1892. Governor and Secretary, Royal Military Hospital, Chelsea, 1895–1898. Author of Strategy of the Peninsular War; &c.

Vitoria.

D. B. M.

David Binning Monro, M.A., Lirr.D. See the biographical article: Monro, David Binning.

Wolf, Friedrich August.

D. F. T.

Donald Francis Tovey. Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works.

Victoria, Tommasso L. Da; Wagner: Biography (in part); Weber: Critical Appreciation.

D. G. H.

David George Hogarth, M.A. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and Fellow of Magdalen College. Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904–1905; Assiut, 1906–1907. Director, British School at Athens, 1897–1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

Xanthus; Zeitun.

D. H.

David Hannay. Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Navy; Life of Emilia Castelar; &c.

Villeneuve; Zumalacárregui.

D. H. S.

Dukinfield Henry Scott, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S. Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, London, 1885–1892. Formerly President of the Royal Microscopical Society and of the Linnean Society. Author of Structural Botany; Studies in Fossil Botany; &c.

Williamson, William Crawford.

D. R.-M.

David Randall-MacIver, M.A., D.Sc. Curator of Egyptian Department, University of Pennsylvania. Formerly Worcester Reader in Egyptology, University of Oxford. Author of Medieval Rhodesia; &c.

Zimbabwe.

E. Ar.*

Rev. Elkanah Armitage, M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge. Professor in Yorkshire United Independent College, Bradford.

Zwingli.

E. C.*

Ernest Clarke, M.D., F.R.C.S. Surgeon to the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital, and Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Miller General Hospital. Vice-President of the Ophthalmological Society. Author of Refraction of the Eye; &c.

Vision: Errors of Refraction, &c.

E. Cu.

Edmund Curtis, M.A. Keble College, Oxford. Lecturer on History in the University of Sheffield.

William I. and II. of Sicily.

E. C. B.

Right Rev. Edward Cuthbert Butler, O.S.B., M.A., D.Litt. Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of “The Lausiac History of Palladius” in Cambridge Texts and Studies.

Wadding, Luke.

E. C. S.

Edmund Clarence Stedman. See the biographical article: Stedman, Edmund Clarence.

Whittier, John Greenleaf.

E. G.

Edmund Gosse, LL.D. See the biographical article: Gosse, Edmund.

Villanelle; Virelay; Vosmaer, Carel; Waller, Edmund; Walloons: Literature; Watson, Thomas; Wells, Charles Jeremiah; Wennerberg, Gunnar; Winther, Christian; Wordsworth, Dorothy.

Ed. M.

Eduard Meyer, Ph.D., D.Litt., LL.D. Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des Alterthums; Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme.

Vologaeses; Vonones I.-II.; Xerxes; Yazdegerd.

E. M. W.

Rev. Edward Mewburn Walker, M.A. Fellow, Senior Tutor and Librarian of Queen’s College, Oxford.

Xenophon (in part).

E. O.*

Edmund Owen, F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc. Consulting Surgeon to St Mary’s Hospital, London, and to the Children’s Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students.

Wart; Whitlow.

E. O'N.

Elizabeth O'Neill, M.A. (Mrs H. O. O'Neill). Formerly University Fellow and Jones Fellow of the University of Manchester.

Vicar.

E. Pr.

Edgar Prestage. Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences and Lisbon Geographical Society; &c.

Vicente, Gil; Vieira, Antonio.

E. P. W.

Everett Pepperrell Wheeler, A.M. Formerly Chairman of the Commission on International Law, American Bar Association, and other similar Commissions. Author of Daniel Webster; Modern Law of Carriers; Wages and the Tariff.

Webster, Daniel (in part).

E. R. L.

Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, K.C.B., F.R.S., D.Sc., LL.D., D.C.L. Hon. Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. President of the British Association, 1906. Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in University College, London, 1874-1890. Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford, 1891-1898. Director of the Natural History Departments of the British Museum, 1898-1907. Vice- President of the Royal Society, 1896. Romanes Lecturer at Oxford, 1905. Author of Degeneration; The Advancement of Science; The Kingdom of Man; &c.

Zoology.

E. T.

Elihu Thomson, A.M., D.Sc., Ph.D. Inventor of Electric Welding. Electrician to the Thomson-Houston and General Electric Companies. Professor of Chemistry and Mechanics, Central High School, Philadelphia, 1870-1880. President of the International Electro-technical Commission, 1908.

Welding: Electric.

F. A. C.

Franklyn Arden Crallan. Formerly Director of Wood-carving, Gloucester County Council. Author of Gothic Woodcarving.

Wood-Carving.

F. C. C.

Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A., D.Th. Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Editor of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle. Author of Myth, Magic and Morals; &c.

Vow.

F. G. M. B.

Frederick George Meeson Beck, M.A. Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge.

Wessex.

F. J. H.

Francis John Haverfield, M.A., LL.D., F.S.A. Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Brasenose College. Formerly Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church. Ford’s Lecturer, 1906-1907. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Monographs on Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c.

Watling Street.

F. Ke.

Frank Keiper, A.M., B.L., M.E. Manager of the United States Voting Machine Company. Formerly Assistant Examiner, United States Patent Office.

Voting Machines.

F. L. L.

Lady Lugard. See the biographical article: Lugard, Sir F. J. D.

Zaria.

F. N. M.

Colonel Frederic Natusch Maude, C.B. Lecturer in Military History, Manchester University. Author of War and the World’s Policy; The Leipzig Campaign; The Jena Campaign.

Wörth.

F. R. C.

Frank R. Cana. Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.

Victoria Falls; Victoria Nyanza (in part); Zambezi; Zululand.

F. T. M.

Sir Frank Thomas Marzials, K.C.B. Formerly Accountant-General of the Army. Editor of the “Great Writers” Series.

Zola, Émile.

F. We.

Frederick Wedmore. See the biographical article: Wedmore, Frederick.

Whistler.

F. W. R.*

Frederick William Rudler, I.S.O., F.G.S. Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. President of the Geologists’ Association, 1887-1889.

Volcano; Wolframite; Zircon.

F. Y. P.

Frederick York Powell, D.C.L., LL.D. See the biographical article: Powell, Frederick York.

Vígfússon, Gúdbrandr.

G.	Lord Grimthorpe. See the biographical article: Grimthorpe, 1st Baron.

Watch (in part).

G. A. C.*

Rev. George Albert Cooke, M.A., D.D. Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture in the University of Oxford, and Fellow of Oriel College. Canon of Rochester. Hon. Canon of St Mary’s Cathedral, Edinburgh. Author of Text-Book of North Semitic Inscriptions; &c.

Zenobia.

G. C. L.

George Collins Levey, C.M.G. Member of the Board of Advice to the Agent-General for Victoria. Formerly Editor and Proprietor of the Melbourne Herald. Secretary, Colonial Committee of Royal Commission to the Paris Exhibition, 1900. Secretary, Adelaide Exhibition, 1887. Secretary, Royal Commission, Hobart Exhibition, 1894-1895. Secretary to Commissioners for Victoria at the Exhibitions in London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia and Melbourne.

Victoria (Australia): History.

G. E. REV.

George Edmundson, M.A., F.R.HiST.S. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford’s Lecturer, 1909. Hon. Member, Dutch Historical Society; and Foreign Member, Netherlands Association of Literature.

William II., King of the Netherlands; William III., King of the Netherlands; William the Silent; William II., Prince of Orange.

G. Fl.

George Fleming, C.B., LL.D., F.R.C.V.S. Formerly Principal Veterinary Surgeon, War Office, London. Author of Animal Plagues: their History, Nature and Prevention.

Veterinary Science (in part).

G. F. D.

George Frederick Deacon, LL.D., M.Inst.M.E., F.R.M.S. (1843-1909). Formerly Engineer-in-Chief for the Liverpool Water Supply (Vyrnwy Scheme), and Member of the Council of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Borough and Water Engineer of Liverpool, 1871-1879. Consulting Civil Engineer, 1879-1909. Author of addresses and papers on Engineering, &c.

Water Supply.

G. F. R. H.

George Francis Robert Henderson. See the biographical article: Henderson, George Francis Robert.

War.

G. G. P.*

George Grenville Phillimore, M.A., B.C.L. Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-law, Middle Temple.

Wreck (in part).

G. H. C.

George Herbert Carpenter. Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Author of Insects: their Structure and Life.

Wasp (in part); Weevil (in part).

G. J.

George Jamieson, C.M.G., M.A. Formerly Consul-General at Shanghai, and Consul and Judge of the Supreme Court, Shanghai.

Yangtsze-Kiang.

G. J. T.

George James Turner. Barrister-at-law, Lincoln’s Inn. Editor of Select Pleas of the Forests for the Selden Society.

Wapentake.

G. Sa.

George Saintsbury, D.C.L, LL.D. See the biographical article: Saintsbury, George E. B.

Vigny, Alfred de; Villehardouin, Geoffroy de; Villon, François; Voltaire.

G. W. P.

George Walter Prothero, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D. Editor of the Quarterly Review. Honorary Fellow, formerly Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Professor of History in the University of Edinburgh, 1894-1899. Author of Life and Times of Simon de Montfort; &c. Joint-editor of the Cambridge Modern History.

William IV., King of England.

G. W. R.

Major George William Redway. Author of The War of Secession, 1861-1862; Fredericksburg: a Study in War.

Wilderness (in part).

G. W. T.

Rev. Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher, M.A., B.D. Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Wahhābis; Wāqidī; Ya'qūbī; Yāqūt; Zamakhsharī; Zuhair.

H. Ch.

Hugh Chisholm, M.A. Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Co-editor of the 10th edition.

Victoria, Queen; Walter, John; Ward, Mrs Humphry; Wilde, Oscar; Wordsworth, William (in part).

H. C. H.

Rev. Horace Carter Hovey, A.M., D.D. Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Geological Society of America, the National Geographic Society and the Société de Speleologie. Author of Celebrated American Caverns; Handbook of Mammoth Cave of Kentucky; &c.

Wyandotte Cave.

H. De.

Hippolyte Delehaye, S.J. Bollandist. Joint Editor of the Acta Sanctorum; and the Analecta Bollandiana.

Vincent, St; Vitus, St.

H. E. R.*

Herbert Edward Ryle, M.A., D.D. Dean of Westminster. Bishop of Winchester, 1903-1911. Bishop of Exeter, 1901- 1903. Formerly Hulsean Protessor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge; and Fellow of King’s College. Author of On Holy Scripture and Criticism; &c. &c.

Westcott, Brooke Foss.

H. F. G.

Hans Friedrich Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge Author of “Amphibia and Reptiles ” in the Cambridge Natural History; &c.

Viper.

H. H. C.

Sir Henry Hardinge Cunynghame, K.C.B., M.A. Assistant Under-Secretary, Home Office, London. Vice-President, Institute of Electrical Engineers. Author of various works on Enamelling, Electric Lighting, &c.

Watch (in part).

H. H. W.

Rev. Henry Herbert Williams, M.A. Fellow, Tutor and Lecturer in Philosophy, Hertford College, Oxford. Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Llandaff.

Will: Philosophy.

H. Ja.

Henry Jackson, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D., O.M. Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Trinity College. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Texts to illustrate the History of Greek Philosophy from Tholes to Aristotle.

Xenocrates; Xenophanes of Colophon; Zeno of Elea.

H. J. C.

Henry James Chaney, I.S.O. (1842-1906). Formerly Superintendent of the Standards Department of the Board of Trade, and Secretary to the Royal Commission on Standards. Represented Great Britain at the International Conference on the Metric System, 1901. Author of Treatise on Weights and Measures.

Weights and Measures: Scientific and Commercial.

H. Lb.

Horace Lamb, M.A., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. Professor of Mathematics in the University of Manchester. Formerly Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. Member of Council of the Royal Society, 1894-1896. Royal Medallist, 1902. President of London Mathematical Society, 1902-1904. Author of Hydrodynamics; &c.

Wave.

H. L. J.

Henry Lewis Jones, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. Medical officer in charge of the Electrical Department and Clinical Lecturer on Medical Electricity at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London. Author of Medical Electricity; &c.

X-Ray Treatment.

H. M. C.

Hector Munro Chadwick, M.A. Fellow and Librarian of Clare College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Scandinavian. Author of Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions.

Woden.

H. M. V.

Herbert Murray Vaughan, M.A., F.S.A. Keble College, Oxford. Author of The Last of the Royal Stuarts; The Medici Popes; The Last Stuart Queen.

Wales: Geography and Statistics and History.

H. R. T.

Henry Richard Tedder, F.S.A. Secretary and Librarian of the Athenaeum Club, London.

Wood, Anthony à.

H. St.

Henry Sturt, M.A. Author of Idola Theatri; The Idea of a Free Church; Personal Idealism.

Vischer, Friedrich Theodor.

H. Sw.

Henry Sweet, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. University Reader in Phonetics, Oxford University. Corresponding Member of the Academies of Munich, Berlin, Copenhagen and Helsingfors. Author of A History of English Sounds since the Earliest Period; A Primer of Phonetics; &c.

Volapuk.

H. W. C. D.

Henry William Carless Davis, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of England under the Normans and Angevins; Charlemagne.

Wace, Robert; Walter of Coventry; William I., King of England; William II., King of England; William of Malmesbury; William of Newburgh.

H. W. R.*

Rev. Henry Wheeler Robinson, M.A. Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of “Hebrew Psychology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology ” in Mansfield College Essays; &c.

Zechariah (in part).

I. A.

Israel Abrahams, M.A. Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of Cambridge. Formerly President, Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of A Short History of Jewish Literature; Jewish Life in the Middle Ages; Judaism; &c.

Wise, Isaac Mayer; Zunz, Leopold.

I. J. C.

Isaac Joslin Cox, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of History in the University of Cincinnati. President of the Ohio Valley Historical Association. Author of The Journeys of La Salle and Companions; &c.

Wilkinson, James.

J. A. E.

James Alfred Ewing, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., M.Inst.C.E. Director of (British) Naval Education. Hon. Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. Professor of Mechanism and Applied Mechanics in the University of Cambridge, 1890-1903. Author of The Strength of Materials; &c.

Watt, James.

J. A. F.

John Ambrose Fleming, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Fender Professor of Electrical Engineering in the University of London. Fellow of University College, London. Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer on Applied Mechanics. Author of Magnets and Electric Currents.

Voltmeter; Wattmeter; Wheatstone's Bridge.

J. A. H.

John Allen Howe. Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. Author of The Geology of Building Stones.

Wealden; Wenlock Group.

J. Bt.

James Bartlett. Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c., at King’s. College, London. Member of the Society of Architects. Member of the Institute of Junior Engineers.

Wall-coverings.

J. Bu.

John Burroughs. See the biographical article: Burroughs, John.

Whitman, Walt.

J. E. O.

Julius Emil Olson, B.L. Professor of Scandinavian Languages and Literature at the University of Wisconsin. Author of Norwegian Grammar and Reader.

Vinland.

J. F.-K.

James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, Litt.D., F.R.Hist.S. Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool University. Norman McColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow of the British Academy. Member of the Royal Spanish Academy. Knight Commander of the Order of Alphonso XII. Author of A History of Spanish Literature; &c.

Villamediana, Count de; Villena, Enrique de; Zorrilla y Moral, José.

J. F. M'L.

John Fergusson M'Lennan. See the biographical article: M'Lennan, John Fergusson.

Werwolf (in part).

J. Ga.

James Gairdner, C.B., LL.D. See the biographical article: Gairdner, James.

York, House of.

J. G. H.

Joseph G. Horner, A.M.I.Mech.E. Author of Plating and Boiler Making; Practical Metal Turning; &c.

Welding (in part).

J. G. M.

John Gray McKendrick, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.S. (Edin.). Emeritus Professor of Physiology in the University of Glasgow. Professor of Physiology, 1876-1906. Author of Life in Motion; Life of Helmholtz; &c.

Vision; Voice.

J. G. R.

John George Robertson, M.A., Ph.D. Professor of German Language and Literature, University of London. Editor of the Modern Language Journal. Author of History of German Literature; Schiller after a Century; &c.

Wieland, Christoph Martin.

J. G. Sc.

Sir James George Scott, K.C.I.E. Superintendent and Political Officer, Southern Shan States. Author of Burma; The Upper Burma Gazetteer.

Wa.

J. H. F.

John Henry Freese, M.A. Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge.

Xenophon (in part).

J. H. M.

John Henry Middleton, M.A., Litt.D., F.S.A., D.C.L. (1846-1896). Slade Professor of Fine Art in the University of Cambridge, 1886-1895. Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1889-1892. Art Director of the South Kensington Museum, 1892-1896. Author of The Engraved Gems of Classical Times; Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Mediaeval Times.

Vitruvius; Wren, Sir Christopher; Zuccaro I.-II.

J. J. L.*

Rev. John James Lias, M.A. Chancellor of Llandaff Cathedral. Formerly Hulsean Lecturer in Divinity and Lady Margaret Preacher, University of Cambridge. Author of Miracles, Science and Prayer; &c.

Ward, William George.

J. L. W.

Jessie Laidlay Weston. Author of Arthurian Romances unrepresented in Malory.

Wolfram von Eschenbach.

J. Mac.

James MacQueen, F.R.C.V.S. Professor of Surgery at the Royal Veterinary College, London. Editor of Fleming’s Operative Veterinary Surgery (2nd edition); Dun’s Veterinary Medicines (10th edition); and Neumann’s Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of the Domesticated Animals (2nd edition).

Veterinary Science (in part).

J. Mu.*

John Muir, A.M., LL.D. Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. President of the Sierra Club and the American Alpine Club. Visited the Arctic regions on the United States steamer “Corwin ” in search of the De Long expedition. Author of The Mountains of California; Our National Parks; &c.

Yosemite.

J. M. G.

John Miller Gray (1850-1894). Art Critic. Curator of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, 1884-1894. Author of David Scott, R.S.A.; James and William Tassie.

Wilkie, Sir David.

J. M. J.

John Morris Jones, M.A. Professor of Welsh at the University College of North Wales, Bangor. Formerly Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Author of The Elucidarium in Welsh; &c.

Wales: Literature and Language.

J. M. M.

John Malcolm Mitchell. Sometime Scholar of Queen’s College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote’s History of Greece.

Winckelmann (in part).

J. Si.

James Sime, M.A. (1843-1895). Author of A History of Germany; &c.

Winckelmann (in part).

J. S. N.

Joseph Shield Nicholson, M.A., Sc.D. Professor of Political Economy at Edinburgh University. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Principles of Political Economy; Money and Monetary Problems; &c.

Wages; Wealth.

J. S. R.

James Smith Reid, M.A., LL.M., Litt.D., LL.D. Professor of Ancient History in the University of Cambridge and Fellow and Tutor of Gonville and Caius College. Hon. Fellow, formerly Fellow and Lecturer, of Christ’s College. Editor of Cicero’s Academica; De Amicitia; &c.

Wyttenbach, Daniel Albert.

J. T.*

Rev. John Telford. Wesleyan Methodist Connexional Editor. Editor of the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine and the London Quarterly Review. Author of Life of John Wesley; Life of Charles Wesley; &c.

Wesley (Family); Wesley, John; Wesleyan Methodist Church.

J. T. Be.

John Thomas Bealby. Joint-author of Stanford’s Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical Magazine. Translator of Sven Hedin’s Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c.

Vladimir: Government (in part); Volga (in part); Vologda: Government (in part); Vyatka: Government (in part); Warsaw: Poland (in part); Yakutsk (in part); Yeniseisk (in part).

J. T. C.

Joseph Thomas Cunningham, M.A., F.Z.S. Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford, and Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association.

Whitebait.

J. V. B.

James Vernon Bartlet, M.A., D.D. Professor of Church History, Mansfield College, Oxford. Author of The Apostolic Age; &c.

Vinet, Alexandra R.

J. W.

James Williams, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. All Souls Reader in Roman Law in the University of Oxford, and Fellow of Lincoln College. Barrister-at-Law of Lincoln’s Inn. Author of Law of the Universities; &c.

Warranty; Water Rights; Will (Law); Women (Early Law); Writ.

J. We.

Julius Wellhausen, D.D. See the biographical article: Wellhausen, Julius.

Zechariah (in part).

J. W. G.

John Walter Gregory, D.Sc., F.R.S. Professor of Geology in the University of Glasgow. Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Melbourne, 1900-1904. Author of The Dead Heart of Australia; &c.

Victoria: Geology; Western Australia: Geology.

J. W. He.

James Wycliffe Headlam, M.A. Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education. Formerly Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, and Professor of Greek and Ancient History at Queen’s College, London. Author of Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire; &c.

Windthorst, Ludwig.

K. G.

Karl Friedrich Geldner, Ph.D. Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology in the University of Marburg. Author of Vedische Studien; &c.

Zend-Avesta; Zoroaster.

K. G. J.

Kingsley Garland Jayne. Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Matthew Arnold Prizeman, 1903. Author of Vasco da Gama and his Successors.

Xavier, Francisco de.

K. S.

Kathleen Schlesinger. Editor of The Portfolio of Musical Archaeology. Author of The Instruments of the Orchestra.

Vielle; Viol; Virginal; Wind Instruments; Xylophone.

L.

Count Lützow, Litt.D., D.Ph., F.R.G.S. Chamberlain of H.M. the Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia. Hon. Member of the Royal Society of Literature. Member of the Bohemian Academy, &c. Author of Bohemia: a Historical Sketch; The Historians of Bohemia (Ilchester Lecture, Oxford, 1904); The Life and Times of John Hus; &c.

Žižka, John.

L. D.*

Louis Duchesne. See the biographical article: Duchesne, Louis M. O.

Victor I.-II. (Popes).

L. F. V.-H.

Leveson Francis Vernon-Harcourt, M.A., M.Inst.C.E. (1830-1907). Professor of Civil Engineering at University College, London, 1882-1905. Author of Rivers and Canals; Harbours and Docks; Civil Engineering as applied in Construction; &c.

Weir.

L. J. S.

Leonard James Spencer, M.A. Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the Mineralogical Magazine.

Wavellite; Willemite; Witherite; Wollastonite; Zeolites; Zoisite.

L. R. F.

Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A., Litt.D. Fellow.and Senior Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Classical Archaeology; and Wilde Lecturer in Comparative Religion. Author of Cults of Greek States; Evolution of Religion.

Zeus.

L. V.*

Luigi Villari. Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Department). Formerly Newspaper Correspondent in the East of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New Orleans, 1906; Philadelphia, 1907; and Boston, 1907-1910. Author of Italian Life in Town and Country; &c.

Victor Emmanuel II.

L. W.

Lucien Wolf. Vice-President, formerly President, of the Jewish Historical Society of England. Joint-editor of the Bibliotheca Anglo-judaica.

Zionism.

M. A. B.

Lady Broome (Mary Anne Broome). Author of Station Life in New Zealand; Stories About; Colonial Memories; &c.

Western Australia: History.

M. Be.

Malcolm Bell. Author of Pewter Plate; Sir E. Burne-Jones: a Record and Review.

Watts, George Frederick.

M. Br.

Margaret Bryant.

Virgil: The Virgil Legend.

M. C.

Rt. Rev. Mandell Creighton, D.C.L., LL.D. See the biographical article: Creighton, Mandell.

Waldenses.

M. Ca.

Moritz Cantor, Ph.D. Honorary Professor of Mathematics in the University of Heidelberg. Hofrat of the German Empire. Author of Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Mathematik; &c.

Vieta, François.

M. H. S.

Marion H. Spielmann, F.S.A. Formerly Editor of the Magazine of Art. Member of Fine Art Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of History of “Punch ”; British Portrait Painting to the opening of the 19th Century; Works of G. F. Watts, R.A.; British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-Day; Henriette Ronner; &c.

Wauters, Emile; Wood-engraving (in part).

N. W. T.

Northcote Whitridge Thomas, M.A. Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the Société d’Anthropologie de Paris. Author of Thought Transference; Kinship and Marriage in Australia; &c.

Week; Werwolf (in part); Witchcraft.

P. A. K.

Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin. See the biographical article: Kropotkin, Prince P. A.

Vladimir: Government (in part); Volga (in part); Vologda: Government (in part); Vyatka: Government (in part); Warsaw: Poland (in part); Yakutsk (in part); Yeniseisk (in part).

P. C. M.

Peter Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., F.Z.S., F.R.S. Secretary of the Zoological Society of London. University Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy and Assistant to Linacre Professor at Oxford, 1888-1891. Author of Outlines of Biology; &c.

Zoological Gardens; Zoological Nomenclature.

P. Gi.

Peter Giles, M.A., LL.D., Litt.D.. Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and University) Reader in Comparative Philology. Formerly Secretary of the Cambridge Philological Society. Author of Manual of Comparative Philology.

W. X. Y. Z.

P. G. H.

Philip Gilbert Hamerton. See the biographical article: Hamerton, Philip Gilbert.

Wauters, Emile; Wood-engraving (in part).

P. G. K.

Paul George Konody. Art Critic of The Observer and The Daily Mail. Formerly Editor of The Artist. Author of The Art of Walter Crane; Velasquez, Life and Work; &c.

Watteau, Antoine.

P. S.

Philip Schidrowitz, Ph.D., F.C.S. Member of the Council, Institute of Brewing; Member of the Committee of the Society of Chemical Industry. Author of numerous articles on the Chemistry and Technology of Brewing, Distilling; &c.

Whisky; Wine.

P. Vi.

Paul Vinogradoff, D.C.L., LL.D. See the biographical article: Vinogradoff, Paul.

Village Communities; Villenage.

R. A. W.

Colonel Robert Alexander Wahab, C.B., C.M.G.j C.I.E. Formerly H.M. Commissioner, Aden Boundary Delimitation. Served with Tirah Expeditionary Force, 1897-1898, and on the Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission, Pamirs, 1895.

Yemen.

R. C. D.

Romesh Chunder Dutt, C.I.E. (1848-1909). Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society. Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Formerly Revenue Minister of Baroda State, and Prime Minister of Baroda State. Author of Economic History of India in the Victorian Age, 1837-1900; &c.

Vidyasagar, Iswar Chandra.

R. G.

Richard Garnett, LL.D. See the biographical article: Garnett, Richard.

Wakefield, Edward Gibbon.

R. G. M.

Reginald Godfrey Marsden. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple.

Wreck (in part).

R. He.

Sir Reginald Hennell, D.S.O., C.V.O. Colonel in the Indian Army (retired). Lieutenant of the King’s Body-Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard. Served in the Abyssinian Expedition, 1867-68; Afghani War, 1879-80; Burmah Campaign, 1886-87. Author of History of the Yeomen of the Guard, 1485-1904; &c.

Yeomen of the Guard.

R. J. M.

Ronald John McNeill, M.A. Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln’s Inn. Formerly Editor of the St James’s Gazette (London).

Wentworth (Family).

R. K. D.

Sir Robert Kennaway Douglas. Formerly Professor of Chinese, King’s College, London. Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British Museum, 1892-1907. Member of the Chinese Consular Service, 1858-1865. Author of The Language and Literature of China; Europe and the Far East; &c.

Wade, Sir Thomas F.

R. L.*

Richard Lydekker, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of Catalogue of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in the British Museum; The Deer of all Lands; The Game Animals of Africa; &c.

Viscacha; Vole; Walrus (in part); Water-Deer; Weasel; Whale (in part); Whale-fishery; Wolf (in part); Wombat; Zebra (in part); Zoological Distribution.

R. L. P.

Reginald Lane Poole, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. Keeper of the Archives of the University of Oxford and Fellow of Magdalen College. Fellow of the British Academy. Editor of the English Historical Review. Author of Wycliffe and movements for Reform; &c.

Wycliffe (in part).

R. Mu.

Robert Munro, M.A., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Edin.). Dalrymple Lecturer on Archaeology in the University of Glasgow, 1910. Rhind Lecturer on Archaeology, 1888. Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1888-1809. Founder of the Munro Lectureship on Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology in the University of Edinburgh. Author of The Lake-dwellings of Europe; Prehistoric Scotland, and its place in European Civilization; &c.

Vitrified Forts.

R. N. B.

Robert Nisbet Bain (d. 1909). Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of Scandinavia: the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513-1900; The First Romanovs, 1613-1725; Slavonic Europe: the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1460 to 1796; &c.

Vladimir, St; Voluinsky, Artemy Petrovich; Vorontsov (Family); Vorosmarty, Mihaly; Wallqvist, Olaf; Wesselényi, Baron; Wielopolski, Aleksander; Witowt; Wladislaus I.-IV. of Poland; Zamoyski, Jan; Zolkiewski, Stanislaus; Zrinyi, Count (1508-1566); Zrinyi, Count (1620-1664).

R. P. S.

R. Phené Spiers, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past President of the Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King’s College, London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson’s History of Architecture. Author of Architecture: East and West; &c.

Villa; Window.

R. S. C.

Robert Seymour Conway, M.A., D.Litt. Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of The Italic Dialects.

Volsci.

R. W. F. H.

Robert William Frederick Harrison. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Assistant Secretary of the Royal Society, London.

Violin.

S. A. C.

Stanley Arthur Cook. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Editor for the Palestine Exploration Fund. Author of Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions; The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi; Critical Notes on Old Testament History; Religion of Ancient Palestine; &c.

Zebulun; Zedekiah; Zephaniah.

S. N.

Simon Newcomb, D.Sc., LL.D. See the biographical article: Newcomb, Simon.

Zodiacal Light.

S. P.

Stephen Paget, F.R.C.S. Surgeon to the Throat and Ear Department, Middlesex Hospital. Hon. Secretary, Research Defence Society. Author of Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget; &c.

Vivisection.

T. As.

Thomas Ashby, M.A., D.Litt. Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman, 1906. Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna.

Vetulonium; Vicenza; Viterbo; Volci; Volsinii; Volterra; Volturno.

T. A. A.

Thomas Andrew Archer, M.A. Author of The Crusade of Richard I.; &c.

Vincent of Beauvais.

T. A. C.

Timothy Augustine Coghlan, I.S.O. Agent-General for New South Wales. Government Statistician, New South Wales, 1886-1905. Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. Author of Wealth and Progress of New South Wales; Statistical Account of Australia and New Zealand; &c.

Victoria: Geography and Statistics; Western Australia: Geography and Statistics.

T. Ba.

Sir Thomas Barclay. Member of the Institute of International Law. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of Problems of International Practice and Diplomacy; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

War: Laws of; Waters, Territorial.

T. H. B.

Thomas Hudson Beare, M.Inst.C.E., M.Inst.M.E. Regius Professor of Engineering in the University of Edinburgh. Author of papers in the Transactions of the Societies of Civil and Mechanical Engineers, 1894-1902.

Water Motors.

T. R. G.

Terrot Reaveley Glover, M.A. Fellow and Classical Lecturer at St John’s College, Cambridge. Professor of Latin, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada, 1896-1901. Author of Studies in Virgil; &c.

Virgil (in part).

T. W.-D.

Walter Theodore Watts-Dunton. See the biographical article: Watts-Dunton, Walter Theodore.

Wycherley, William.

T. W. F.

Thomas William Fox. Professor of Textiles in the University of Manchester. Author of Mechanics of Weaving.

Weaving; Yarn.

U. B.

Count Ugo Balzani, Litt.D. Member of the Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Sometime President of the Reale Società Romana di Storia Patria. Corresponding Member Of the British Academy; Author of The Popes and the Hohenstaufen; &c.

Villani, Giovanni.

W. Ay.

Wilfrid Airy, M.Inst.C.E. Sometime Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. Technical Adviser to the Standards Department of the Board of Trade. Author of Levelling and Geodesy; &c.

Weighing Machines.

W. A. B. C.

Rev. William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge, M.A., F.R.G.S., Ph.D. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David’s College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of Guide du Haut Dauphiné; The Range of the Todi; Guide to Grindelwald; Guide to Switzerland; The Alps in Nature and in History; &c. Editor of the Alpine Journal, 1880-1881; &c.

Vevey; Vienne: Town; Vorarlberg; Walensee; Winkelried, Arnold von; Winterthur; Zug: Canton; Zug: Town; Zug, Lake of; Zürich: Canton; Zürich: Town; Zürich, Lake of.

W. A. J. F.

Walter Armitage Justice Ford. Sometime Scholar of King’s College, Cambridge. Teacher of Singing at the Royal College of Music, London.

Wolf, Hugo.

W. A. P.

Walter Alison Phillips, M.A. Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Author of Modern Europe; &c.

Walther von der Vogelweide; Wycliffe (in part).

W. B.*

William Burton, M.A., F.C.S. Chairman of the Joint Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great Britain. Author of English Stoneware and Earthenware; &c.

Wedgwood, Josiah.

W. C. U.

William Cawthorne Unwin, F.R.S., LL.D., M.Inst.C.E., M.Inst.M.E. Emeritus Professor, Central Technical College, City and Guilds of London Institute. Author of Wrought Iron Bridges and Roofs; Treatise on Hydraulics; &c.

Windmill.

W. E. G.

Sir William Edmund Garstin, G.C.M.G. British Government Director, Suez Canal Co. Formerly Inspector-General of Irrigation, Egypt. Adviser to the Ministry of Public Works in Egypt, 1904-1908.

Victoria Nyanza (in part).

W. F. C.

William Feilden Craies, M.A. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King’s College, London. Editor of Archbold’s Criminal Pleading (23rd edition).

Wager; Warrant; Witness.

W. Hy.

William Henry. Founder and Chief Secretary of the Royal Life Saving Society. Associate of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. Joint Author of Swimming (Badminton Library); &c.

Water Polo.

W. H. F.

Sir William Henry Flower, F.R.S. See the biographical article: Flower, Sir W. H.

Walrus (in part); Whale (in part); Wolf (in part); Zebra (in part).

W. L. G.

William Lawson Grant, M.A. Professor of Colonial History, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit Lecturer on Colonial History, Oxford University. Editor of Acts of the Privy Council (Canadian Series).

Wilson, Sir Daniel.

W. M.

William Minto, M.A. See the biographical article: Minto, William.

Wordsworth, William (in part).

W. MacD.*

William MacDonald, LL.D., Ph.D. Professor of American History in Brown University, Providence, R.I. Formerly Professor of History and Political Science, Bowdoin. Member of the American Historical Association, &c. Author of History and Government of Maine; &c. Editor of Select Charters and other documents illustrative of American History.

Washington, George.

W. M. F. P.

William Matthew Flinders Petrie, F.R.S., D.C.L., Litt.D. See the biographical article: Petrie, W. M. Flinders.

Weights and Measures: Ancient Historical.

W. M. R.

William Michael Rossetti. See the biographical article: Rossetti, Dante Gabriel.

Vivarini; Zurbaran, Francisco.

W. O. S.

William Oscar Scroggs, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of History and Economics at Louisiana State University. Formerly Goodwin and Austin Fellow, Harvard University.

Walker, William.

W. P. C.

William Prideaux Courtney. See the biographical article: Courtney, L. H. Baron.

Walpole, Horatio; Wilkes, John.

W. P. J.

William Price James. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. High Bailiff, Cardiff County Court. Author of Romantic Professions; &c.

Watson, William (poet).

W. P. R.

Hon. William Pember Reeves. Director of the London School of Economics. Agent-General and High Commissioner for New Zealand, 1896-1909. Minister of Education, Labour and Justice, New Zealand, 1891-1896. Author of The Long White Cloud: a History of New Zealand; &c.

Vogel, Sir Julius.

W. Ri.

William Ridgeway, M.A., D.Sc., Litt.D. Disney Professor of Archaeology, and Brereton Reader in Classics, in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College. Fellow of the British Academy. President of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1908. Author of The Early Age of Greece; &c.

Villanova.

W. S. R.

William Smyth Rockstro. Author of A Great History of Music from the Infancy of the Greek Drama to the Present Period; &c.

Wagner: Biography (in part); Weber.

W. T. Ca.

William Thomas Calman, D.Sc., F.Z.S. Assistant in charge of Crustacea, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Author of “Crustacea,” in a Treatise on Zoology, edited by Sir E. Ray Lankester.

Water-flea; Wood-louse.

W. Wr.

Williston Walker, Ph.D., D.D. Professor of Church History, Yale University. Author of History of the Congregational Churches in the United States; The Reformation; John Calvin; &c.

Winthrop, John (1588-1649).

W. W. F.*

William Warde Fowler, M.A. Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Sub-rector, 1881-1904. Gifford Lecturer, Edinburgh University, 1908. Author of The City-State of the Greeks and Romans; The Roman Festivals of the Republican Period; &c.

Vulcan.

W. W. R.*

William Walker Rockwell, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.

Westminster, Synods of.

W. Y. S.

William Young Sellar, LL.D. See the biographical article: Sellar, William Young.

Virgil (in part).

PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES

Vicksburg. Vienna. Vine. Vinegar. Vingt-et-Un. Violet. Virginia. Viscount. Vlachs. Volunteers. Vote and Voting. Wadai. Wagram. Wakefield. Waldeck-Pyrmont. Wallingford. Walnut. War Game. Warrington. Warwick. Warwickshire. Washington. Water. Waterford.

Watertown. Wax Figures. Weimar. Well. Wells. West Indies. Westmeath. Westminster. Westmorland. Westphalia. West Point (N.Y.). West Virginia. Wexford. Weymouth. Wheat. Wheeling. Whig and Tory. Whist. Whitby. White Plains. Whooping-Cough. Wicklow. Wiesbaden. Wig.

Wigan. Wight, Isle of. Wigtownshire. Wilkes-Barré. Williamsburg (Va.). Willow. Wilmington (Del.). Wilton. Wiltshire. Winchester. Windsor. Winnipeg. Wire. Wisconsin. Wisconsin, University of. Woolwich. Worcester. Worcestershire. Worms. Wrestling. Writing. Württemberg. Würzburg.

Wyoming. Wyoming Valley. Yale University. Yarmouth. Yaws. Yellow Fever. Yellowstone National Park. Yew. Yezo. York. Yorkshire. Yorktown. Ypsilanti. Yucatan. Yukon. Zante. Zanzibar. Zeeland. Zeuxis. Zinc. Zirconium. Zuider Zee.

1. A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.