A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language/Part I/Pronouns

A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language (1883)
by E. C. Otté
Pronouns
1393357A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language — Pronouns1883E. C. Otté

PRONOUNS. (Stedord.)

Personal Pronouns.

Singular.

Nom. jeg, I; du, thou; han, he; hun, she; den, det, it.
Gen. -- -- hans, his; hendes, hers; dens, dets, its.
Other Cases mig, me; dig, thee; ham, him; hende, her; den, det, it.

Plural.

Nominative, vi, we; I, ye; de, they.
Genitive, vores, our; Eders, your; deres, their.
Other Cases, os, us; Eder, ye; dem, them.

The reflective pronoun sig, 'self,' is used in both genders for the third person singular.

In common parlance the third person plural de, written with a capital D, (De), is employed in the sense of 'you,' when addressing another individual, excepting in cases of near relationship, or close intimacy, when Du, 'thou,' is used, as among Germans.


Possessive Pronouns.

Singular.

Min, mit, my; din, dit, thy; sin, sit, his, hers, its; vor, vort, our; jer, jert, your.

Plural.

Mine, my; dine, thy; sine, his, hers, its; vore, our; jere, your.

Sin, sit, sine are used exclusively as subjective reflex-possessive pronouns, whilst hans, hendes are used in an objective sense; as, Hun tog sin Hat, 'she took her (own) hat;' han tog hans Hat, 'he took his (another man's) hat.'

Demonstrative Pronouns.

Singular. Plural.
com. gen. neut.
den,
denne,
hin,
det
dette
hint


this, or that.

de, these, or those.
disse, these.
hine, those.
sådan,
slig,
sådant
sligt

such
sådanne.
slige.
samme, samme, same samme.
selv, selv, self selv.
begge, both.


Relative Pronouns.

1. Som, 'who,' 'whom,' is used for both genders and numbers, and indifferently in the nominative and accusative; as, Konen som så mig, 'the woman who saw me;' Konen som jeg så, 'the woman whom I saw.'

2. Der, 'who,' 'that,' is used for both genders and numbers, but only in the nominative; as, Manden der gik ud, 'the man who went out.'

3. Hvem, 'whom,' is used incorrectly in the nominative in the nominative instead of hvo, 'who,' and should be employed only in the objective; hvis, 'whose,' is used only in the genitive.

4. Hvad, 'what,' is used only in the neuter singular.

5. Hvilken, hvilket, pl. hvilke, 'which.' In the place of this pronoun, where an interrogative is required, the expression hvad for en (what for a) is often used; as, Hvad for en Gut (Norweg.) mener de? "What boy do you mean?"

Indefinite Pronouns.

Singular. Plural.
al, alt, alle, all.
anden, andet, andre, other.
ingen, intet, ingen, none.
mangen, mangt, mange, many.
nogen, noget, nogle, some, some one.
enhver, enhvert, ... each.
en, et, one.
man, one; people.
hinanden, each other.
hverandre, one another.

Nogen and ingen correspond with 'some one,' and 'no one;' as, Er den Ingen i Huset? "Is there no one in the house?" Jo, der er Nogen hjemme, "Yes, there is some one at home."

Mangen en, mangt et, 'many a one,' are used as in English, but are perhaps of more frequent occurrence in ordinary conversation. Nogle få, pl., 'some few,' admits of being used as in English.