English: Human astrocytes were transfected with specific or control anti-miR inhibitors (10 nM) for 48 h, and then stimulated with IL-1α for 24 h. (A) The expression of miR-132 was quantified by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. Specific anti-miRs but not control anti-miR suppress miR-132 expression. (B) The culture supernatants were examined for the presence of IL-1β protein by sensitive ELISA with a lower detection limit of 3.9 pg/ml. There was no detectable IL-1β protein production in any of the human astrocyte cultures examined. (C) The effect of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin on astrocyte IL-1β was examined. Astrocytes were treated with lactacystin at indicated concentrations with or without IL-1α, then cell lysates were subjected to ELISA after 24 h. IL-1β protein was undetectable under any conditions. Mean ± SD from triplicate cultures.