1. Butterfly's wings, giving names of parts.
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2. Wings, giving names of veins and nervules; I. I. internal veins; C, costal veins; SC, subcostal vein; SC, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, subcostal nervules; UR, upper radial; LR, lower radial; M, median vein; M, 1, 2, 3, median nervules; SM, submedian veins; PC, precostal nervule; UDC, MDC, LDC, upper, middle and lower discocellulars [after Holland].
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3. Resting position of a butterfly.
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4. Typical antenna of a butterfly.
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5. Resting position of a moth (with typical plumose antennæ).
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6. Mouth-parts of a butterfly, showing the extended double proboscis (maxilla, mx), mandibles (m), labrum (l), labial palpi (lp), and base of the antennæ (an) between the great eyes.
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7. Some of the many forms of lepidopteran eggs; a, one with a lid lifted at hatching for egress of larva.
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8, 9. Forms of wing-scales.
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10. Arrangement of the scales clothing the wing.
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11. A caterpillar, showing parts: A, cephalic segments (head); B, thoracic segments; C, abdominal segments; a, rudiments of the six true legs; b, four pairs of prolegs.
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12. Caterpillar of a moth (Stauropus fagi), showing use of prolegs in walking, and extreme development of thoracic larval legs.
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13. Caterpillar of a Papilio, showing its retractile osmateria protruded from the neck.
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14. Caterpillar of a puss-moth, showing retractile anal mastigia extended.
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15. Caterpillar or measuring-worm of a geometrid moth in an erect and stiffened, position simulating a dead twig.
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16. Parts of a pupa (chrysalis of a Sphinx-moth): a, tongue-case; b, eye-case; c, trunk-case; d, first abdominal segment; m, point terminating abdomen; s, spiracles, or breathing-pores, opening into trachea.
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17. Process of change of a butterfly (Anosia plexippus) caterpillar into a pupa (after Riley): a, caterpillar just before the rending of the skin; b, chrysalis just freed from the molted caterpillar skin, except the cremaster; c, pupa holding itself in place, head down, by seizing the folds of the shed skin between the edges of its abdominal segments while it searches with its cremaster for the button of silk, attached to a twig or leaf, in which it will hook the cremaster and hang; d, fully developed form of the chrysalis (light green with gold “buttons”). This is an example of a suspended pupa (Suspensi).
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18. A belted pupa (Cincti).
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19. History of transformation in the Lepidoptera (a moth): a, egg: b, young larva; c, mature larva (caterpillar); d, pupa, within a cocoon; e, mature moth (imago).
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