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BURGON — BURIAL mond, South Africa, on 9th December 1881, and in the districts and 512 parishes. There has been for many following year a volume of short stories, Tooneelen uit ons years an excess of births over deaths, and the relatively dorp, originally written by him for the Cape Volksllad, small increase of population is attributed to emigration was published at the Hague for the benefit of his family. of the inhabitants to other parts of Spain. The northern A patriot, a fluent speaker both in Dutch and in English, and north - eastern districts are mountainous, and the and possessed of unbounded energy, the failure of Burgers central and southern form part of the vast and elevated was due to his fondness for large visionary plans, which plateau of Old Castile. Eastwards are the. highest peaks of the province, with the Cerro de San Millan, 6995 feet he attempted to carry out with insufficient means. high. Two ranges of mountains, running east and west of Burgon, John William (1813-1888), British Pancorbo, leave a gap through which run the railway and divine, was born at Smyrna, 21st August 1813, and was roads connecting Castile with the valley of the Ebro, at a the son of a Turkey merchant, who was also a skilled place that has oft been called the “ Iron Gates of Castile,” numismatist, and afterwards became an assistant in the as a handful of men could hold the Pancorbo pass against Antiquities Department of the British Museum. His an army. South of this spot begins the plateau, generally mother was a Greek. In deference to his father’s wish covered with snow in winter, swept by such cold winds he resigned his preference for a life of study and entered that Burgos is considered, with Soria and Segovia, one of his father’s counting-house. In 1841, however, the.elder the coldest regions of the peninsula. As but little rain Burgon was compelled to relinquish business, and his son falls in summer in this province, the soil is poor, and most was then enabled to give free course to his inclinations. of it is devoted to the rearing of flocks ; agriculture thrives In that same year he entered at Oxford. He afterwards only in some valleys, especially that of the Ebro. This gained the Newdigate Prize Poem, and took his degree in river runs eastwards through the province for 62 miles, 1845. Among those who had influenced his life up to but is not navigable. The river Douro, too, enters the this time were his brother-in-law, Henry John Rose, the province, running W.N.W. for 37 miles, with less water than well-known scholar and theologian, not, however, to be the Ebro ; it also is unnavigable in its upper valley. The confounded with his brother, Hugh James Rose, who was province has other important streams, the Pisuerga flowconspicuous in the movement which had culminated in the ing south towards Palencia and Valladolid, and the Tracts for the Times. Burgon made Oxford his head- Arlanzon, which flows in Burgos territory for over 75 quarters, while holding a living at some distance. In .1863 miles. The variations of temperature are great, as from he was made vicar at St. Mary’s. He had previously visited 9° to 20° of frost have frequently been recorded in winter, Rome and the East, and commenced his characteristic while the mean summer temperature is 64° (Fahrenheit). literary career. In 1860 appeared the famous Essays and There are few industries worth mentioning ; the chief Reviews, which Burgon vehemently attacked in a series of features in this connexion are potteries, stone quairies, sermons afterwards published. In 1869 he protested against tanneries, and factories for the manufacture of linen and the elevation of Dr. Temple to the see of Exeter, on the cotton of the coarsest description. The ancient cloth and ground of his having contributed to Essays and Reviews. woollen industries, for which Burgos was famous in days In 1871 he published an able and learned defence of the gone by, have almost disappeared. But the province is genuineness of the twelve last verses of St. Mark’s Gospel. one of the richest in live stock, containing 736,730 head In 1871 he commenced his attacks on the proposal for a in all. This total includes 14,808 horses, 17,557 mules, new lectionary for the Church of England, based to a 25,838 asses, 69,323 cattle, 514,747 sheep, 61,493 goats, great extent upon his objections to the principles for and 32,964 pigs. 480,860 acres are devoted to the determining the authority of MS. readings adopted by culture of wheat; 72,177 to barley, rye, and oats; 11,3^5 Westcott and Hort, which he assailed in a . memorable to pod fruits; 95,000 acres to vineyards. Only 10 mines article in the Quarterly Review for 1881. This, with his are at work : 152 are registered as unproductive. Among other articles, was reprinted in 1884 under the title of the former are 2 coal mines, 1 kaolin, and 7 salt. . Lack The Revision Revised. His biographical essays on Dean of proper railways, and even of good roads, is the principal Mansel and others were also collected, and published drawback to the development of the mining, interests. under the title of Twelve Good Men, a highly entertaining Some extensions have been made of late years in the railbook. Protests against the inclusion of Dr. . Vance Smith way system, but there are in all only 125 miles of lines in among the Revisers, against the nomination of Dean the province; 82 of these belong to the main northern Stanley to be select preacher in the University of Oxford, line going from Madrid to the French frontier, and 2o to and against the address in favour of toleration in the the direct line between Ariza and Valladolid. matter of ritual, followed in succession. In 1875 Burgon BurgOS, capital of the above province, 226 miles was made Dean of Chichester. He died on the 4th August 1888. His life was written by Dean Goulburn. Vehement north of Madrid by rail. Population in 1897, 31,741. and almost passionate in his convictions, Burgon neverthe- The town has not been much altered. A few streets m less possessed a warm and kindly heart. While the the new part have been embellished, and some official strength of his language not unfrequently caused irritation, buildings, the residences of the governor, the town hall, it did not make him a single enemy, and his decided clubs, and theatre have been improved. It is still a great religious opinions, his profound erudition, his energy and mart for agriculture, but its local industries have decayed, courage, secured for him many friends. He may be especially the manufacture of linen and woollen stuffs; described as a High Churchman of the type prevalent paper and leather goods, on the contrary, are exported m before the rise of the Tractarian School. His extensive considerable quantities. collection of transcripts from the Greek Fathers, illustrating Burial AND Burial Acts.—The main lines of the text of the New Testament, was bequeathed to the the law of burial in England may be stated very shortly. British Museum. (J- J- L-*) Every person has the right to be buried in the chui.chyar Burgos, a province in the north of Spain, including or burial ground of the parish where he dies, with the the distant county of Trevino, lying between Alava and exception of executed felons, who are buried in t e pre Navarra. The population was 332,461 in 1877, 338,551 cincts of the prison or in a place appointed by the Home in 1887, and 340,001 in 1897, on an area of 5651 square Office. At common law the person under whose roof a miles. The province is divided into 12 administrative death takes place has a duty to provide for the body eing
