C O B O U R G —C O C H I N-C HINA In 1890 the demolition of the landward defences was begun, and since then a great alteration has taken place on that side of the town. In 1897 a magnificent monument by Bruno Schmitz and Hundrieser to the Emperor William I. was erected at the point where the Moselle meets the Rhine. Coblenz also boasts of a museum (1891) of antiquities; monuments to General von Goeben (died here in 1880), the physiologist Johannes Muller (born here in 1801), the poet Max von Schenkendorf (died here in 1817), and the Empress Augusta (1896), who loved to reside at Coblenz ; a new Roman Catholic church, St Joseph’s (1896-98); a handsome promenade by the Rhine, H miles long; a theatre and a musical institute. Coblenz is a principal seat of the Rhenish and Moselle wine trade, and its manufactures include pianos, paper, cardboard, machinery, and boats and barges. It is an important transit centre for the Rhine railways and those of the Lahn and Moselle, and for the Rhine navigation. Population (1885), 31,669; (1900), 45,039. Cobourgf, the capital of Northumberland county, Ontario, Canada, 70 miles east of Toronto by rail, on Lake Ontario. It has a safe and commodious harbour, and has steamboat communication with St Lawrence and Lake Ontario ports. It contains car-works, carpet and woollen factories, and foundries. Population (1881), 4957; (1900), 4239. Coburg1, a town of Germany, capital (alternating with Gotha) of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 72 miles by rail north from Nuremberg. The most notable addition to the public buildings is the Edinburgh palace (1881). The old castle of Coburg now contains a museum of art and antiquities; the town also possesses an anthropological museum. A bronze statue of Prince Albert (consort of Queen Victoria), by Theed, adorns "the market-place (1865); and there is a monument of the 1870-71 war in Ernest Square. Both trade and industry are flourishing, the chief branches of the latter being brewing, manufactures of machinery, colours, and porcelain, iron-founding, and saw-milling. Population (1885), 16,210; (1895), 18,688. Cocan ad a or Cocon ad a, a town of British India, in the Godavari district of Madras, on the seacoast in the extreme north of the Godavari delta, about 315 miles north of Madras. It had in 1881 a population of 28,856, in 1891 of 40,068, and in 1901 of 47,866, showing an increase of 18 per cent. The municipal revenue in 1897-98 was Rs.2,09,460. As the administrative headquarters of the district, and the chief port on the eastern coast after Madras, Cocanada is steadily growing in importance. It is connected by navigable channels with the canal system of the Godavari delta, and by a branch line with Samalkot on the East Coast Railway. The anchorage is an open roadstead, with two lighthouses. In 1897-98 the total sea-borne trade amounted to Rs.2,07,82,027, of which just one-half was conducted with foreign countries; 25 vessels entered and cleared for foreign trade, with an aggregate burthen of 23,367 tons. The chief exports are rice, cotton, sugar, and oilseeds. Mills have been established for cleaning rice. It contains a college, a high school with 408 pupils, a literary association, and five printing-presses. Cochabamba, a department of Bolivia, bounded on the N. by that of La Paz, on the E. by Santa Cruz, on the S. by Chuquisaca and Potosi, and by Oruro and La Paz on the W., has an area of 21,420 square miles. In 1893 the population numbered 360,220,
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and was estimated in 1898 at 375,800. The capital, Cochabamba, has 40,000 inhabitants. The department is divided into nine provinces. It had in 1878, 120 schools, attended by 8337 pupils. Cochin, a feudatory state of Southern India, in political subordination to Madras, with an area of 1362 square miles. The population in 1891 was 722,906, being 531 persons per square mile; in 1901 the population was 815,218, showing an increase of 13 per cent. More than one-fifth are Christians, mostly Syrians and Roman Catholics. The revenue is estimated at Rs. 20,00,000, subject to a tribute of Rs.2,00,000. During recent years a balance has been accumulated of Rs.44,00,000, most of which is invested in securities of the Indian Government. The principal products are rice, coconuts,, timber, cardamoms, pepper, and a little coffee. Salt is manufactured along the coast. The capital is Ernakolam, but the raja resides at Tripunthora. Apart from the British town of Cochin, the principal seaport is Malipuram. The chief means of communication is by boat along the backwaters; but a metre gauge line is being constructed at the cost of the state across the hills, from Ernakolam to Shoranur on the Madras Railway. The length will be 65 miles, and the estimated cost is £337,000. In 1897-98 the total number of schools was 1020, attended by 30,550 pupils. The town of Cochin is comprised within the British district of Malabar. Its population in 1891 was 16,147; the municipal income in 1897-98 was Rs.21,530. Considerable sea-borne trade is still carried on. In 1897-98 the number of vessels that entered and cleared for foreign trade was 58, with an aggregate burthen of 99,775 tons. A lighthouse stands on the ruins of the old fort. The chief exports are coconut products, for the preparation of which there are factories. There are a missionary high school, three printing-presses, and a library Cochin-China.—This term formerly included the whole Annamese Empire—Tongking, Annam, and Lower Cochin-China, but it now comprises only the French colony of Lower Cochin-China; this consists of the six southern provinces of the Annamese Empire which were taken possession of by France after a war with the Emperor Tu Due. It lies between 8° and 11° 30' N. lat. and 104° 25' 55" and 107° 29' 55" E. long., and is bounded on the N. by Annam and Cambodia, on the W. by Cambodia, on the E. by the China Sea, and on the S. and W. by the Gulf of Siam. It embraces almost the whole of the Mekong delta, which is intermingled with the mouths of the Saigon river and of the two rivers Vaico, and consists mainly of a vast plain, almost entirely flooded. In the east, however, lies a mountain group of moderate altitude (extending from Cape St Jacques to the frontier of Annam), from which descend the rivers Donnai and Saigon. This region is inhabited by the Mois. The Mekong enters the sea by numerous mouths, which shift position under the varying effects of flood currents. Canals from Chaudoc to Hatien (Cancao) and from Long-Xuyen to Rash-Gia unite it with the Gulf of Siam. Several canals connect the Saigon river with the eastern arm of the Mekong. The ports of Saigon and Mytho are accessible to the largest vessels, and are connected by a railway. The roadsteads of Rash-Gia, Camao, and Hatien can accommodate only vessels of low tonnage. The climate, which is hot and damp, is divided into two very regular seasons by the north-east and south-west monsoons, the former prevailing from October 15th to April 15th, the latter from April 15th to October 15th. The temperature varies from 60°‘8 to 86° F. during the former, to 82°'4 to 95° F., or even higher, during the latter. Rains and tornadoes occur daily from
