COP PEE the ramparts of the city formerly stood, and are in part intended to replace older less convenient structures, such as the new Royal Library, the new Polytechnic School, the new Mineralogical Museum, and the new Town Hall, an extensive and imposing edifice ornamented with a tower, of which the spire, when finished, will be the tallest in the Horth of Europe—about 330 feet. The Glyptothek was built by the State and the municipality, to accommodate a considerable collection of modern objects of art, the gift of a wealthy citizen, M. Jacobsen, who has spent very large sums upon objects of national interest. The new Museum of Industrial Art is an outcome of the movement for applying art to the commoner objects of industry. The old Royal Picture Gallery and the Collection of Engravings, which formerly occupied a portion of the upper storey of the palace of Christiansborg, are now located in the new State Museum of Art, which is situated in a corner of the Ostre Anlseg, a fine public garden formed out of a portion of the old ramparts. A similar garden, but smaller, is the so-called Orstedspark. Besides these new Museum buildings, another is in contemplation, destined to receive the Museums of Northern Antiquities, the Ethnographic Museum, and some others, which are now very inconveniently housed in the so-called Prindseus Palais; but this new National Museum is to be built near the latter palace, and in part to replace it. Two private collections must also be mentioned, which, though the property of private persons, are accessible to the public. One of them is the New Glyptothek, a collection of antique sculptures belonging to M. Jacobsen, and preserved at his private residence. It contains a number of important specimens, and is one of the largest, if not the largest private collection of its kind out of Italy. The other is styled Dansk Folke-museum, and illustrates the domestic life of the Danish nation, particularly the peasantry, since 1600, by means of specimens of furniture, utensils, costumes, &c. The Erederik or Marble Church, the erection of which was begun in 1749 but discontinued in 1770, remained a ruin until 1874, when it was purchased by a wealthy banker, M. Tietgen, at whose expense the work was recommenced. The edifice was not carried up to the height originally intended, but the magnificent dome, which reminds one of the finest examples in Italy, is conspicuous far and wide. The diameter is only a few feet less than that of St Peter’s in Rome. As the church now stands it is one of the principal works of the architect, F. Meldahl. Not only is Copenhagen the political capital, but it is also the centre of the higher culture of the nation. It is the seat of the university, which has 80 professors and lecturers, with an average number of about 1900 students, and is fully equipped with the requisite scientific apparatus, such as a library, observatory, botanical garden, museums for natural history, and other collections, laboratories, Ac. The Royal Library is one of the largest institutions of its kind. The learned societies comprise the Royal Society of Sciences, the Society of Northern Antiquaries, and numerous others. Technical instruction is provided by the Polytechnic School, which is a State institution ; the School of the Technical Society, which, though a private foundation, enjoys public subvention ; and also by the High School of Agriculture, Veterinary Art, and Forestry, with 30 professors and lecturers. The schools which prepare for the university, &c., are nearly all private, but are all under the control of the State. Elementary instruction is mostly provided by the communal schools, of which there are thirty within the area of the municipality. Twenty of these are free; ten, in which a somewhat fuller education is given, exact fees. The expense incurred by the municipality for schools, over and above the amount of the school fees, was in 1897, £110,000. The number of children in the area
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mentioned was 49,337, of whom 37,248 received instruction in the communal schools. Copenhagen is by far the most important commercial town in Denmark, and has fully shared the steady and considerable increase in the trade of the country during the last thirty years. According to an estimate furnished by the director of the Statistical Bureau of Denmark, the annual value of the exports by sea may be taken at 168 million crowns, or £9,500,000; that of the imports at 295 million crowns, or £16,400,000. The trading capabilities have been much increased by the construction of the new Free Port, at the northern extremity of the town, well supplied with warehouses and other conveniences. It is connected with the main railway station by means of a new circular railway, while a short branch connects it with the ordinary custom-house quay. Advantage has been taken of the facilities afforded by the free port to establish a more perfect steam communication with Sweden particularly in order to accommodate through traffic. Within a short distance of the free port is the station of the new Eastern Railway, which runs along the shore of the Sound, connecting Copenhagen with Elsinore by a direct line. At the end of 1899, 284 sailing vessels above four tons, with an aggregate tonnage of 18,145 tons, belonged to Copenhagen, while the steamers numbered 292, with a collective tonnage of 219,055 tons. In 1899, 9200 clearances inwards were effected by sailing vessels, 9177 by steamers. Of the former, 4391 were Danish vessels, 4181 Swedish, only 14 English. Of the steamers, 7057 were Danish, 338 were English. Besides these, a limited number of passing vessels touched the port. The inward-bound cargoes amounted to 1,580,002 tons, of which 955,557 were carried in Danish bottoms. The cargoes which arrived from foreign ports amounted to 1,366,637 tons, of which 750,257 tons were in Danish bottoms. The total of the outward-bound cargoes was 720,671 tons, of which 573,233 were carried in Danish bottoms; of this total, 391,052 were destined for foreign ports, of which 248,945 were in Danish bottoms. The total of the cargoes exchanged between Copenhagen and other Danish ports was 542,984 tons, of which but a very small proportion was carried by foreign vessels. The total of exports and imports by sea was 2,300,670 tons, of which 1,895,559 tons were carried by steamers. Copenhagen is not an industrial town. The manufactures carried on are mostly only such as exist in every large town, and the export of manufactured goods is inconsiderable. The only very large establishment is one for the construction of iron steamers, engines, Ac., but some factories have been erected within the area of the free port for the purpose of working up imported raw materials duty free. (c. A. G.) Copp4e, Francis Edouard Joachim (known as FranCOSS) (1842 ), French poet and novelist, was born inTaris, 12th January 1842. His father held a small post in the Civil Service, and he owed much to the care of an admirable mother. After passing through the Lycee Saint-Louis, he became a clerk in the Ministry of War, and soon sprang into public favour as a, poet of the young “ Parnassian ” school. His first verses date from 1864. They were republished with others in 1866 in a collected form (Le Heliquaire), followed (1867) by the successful Intimites and Poemes Modernes (1867 — 69). In the latter year his first play, Le Passant, was received with marked approval at the Odeon Theatre, and later Pais ce que dois and Les Bijoux de la Delivrance, short metrical dramas .inspired by the war, were warmly applauded. After filling a post in the Library of the Senate, M. Coppee was chosen in 1878 as archivist of the Comedie-Frangaise, an office which he held till 1884. In. S. IIL —30
