GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS.]
EGYPT 693 Suez Canal.—The following table shows the number and gross Of late years lines of light agricultural railways have been tonnage of vessels of all nationalities that passed through the Canal opened by private companies in the Delta and in the Fayum. In in 1898 :— connexion with these lines there are 164 miles of telegraphs and 310 miles of telephones. Telegraphs and Posts.—The telegraphs belonging to the Egyptian Country. No. Gross Tonnage. Government were, at the end of 1900, of a total length of 2106 miles, the length of the wire being 9440 miles. The Government Great Britain have given concessions to a telephone company for urban telephone 2295 8,691,093 Germany lines. The Eastern Telegraph Company, also by concessions, have 356 1,353,161 France . telegraph lines across Egypt from Alexandria vid Cairo to Suez, 221 891,642 Holland . and from Port Said to Suez, connecting their cables to England 193 526,478 Austria-Hungary and India. Number of telegrams, 2,994,332 in 1899, not includ85 300,251 ing telegrams sent by the Eastern Telegraph Company. Receipts, Japan 46 261,602 Russia . £E.54,448 ; expenditure, £E.44,000. In 1900 the number of tele48 243,381 grams was 3,288,662. Spain 49 232,358 Italy There are 313 post offices in the towns of Egypt, 160 travelling 74 208,418 offices, and 414 localities where the rural post has been established. Norway . 47 109,709 The Egyptian Post Office now transacts all the services which exist Turkey . 54 83,541 in the post offices of other countries forming the Postal Union. Denmark 8 30,228 The following table gives the- number of letters, post-cards, Egypt . 10 15,705 China newspapers, &c., despatched through the Egyptian Post Office in 4 6,181 the year 1898 :— America. 4 3,162 Greece . 2 1,941 Rumania 1 1,703 Inland. Abroad. Total. Sweden . 2 1,021 Portugal 3 606 Letters and post-cards 12,260,000 2,473,000 14,733,000 Argentine Republic 1 451 Newspapers 7,100,000 940,000 8,040,000 Parcels 274,000 289,800 563,800 Total 3503 12,962,632 Total f 19,634,000 3,702,800 23,336,800 In 1899 the British ships numbered 2310, with a tonnage of 9,046,031 ; and the German 387, with a tonnage of 1,492,657. In 1899 these totals had arisen to : inland, 20,758,000 ; abroad The number and gross tonnage of vessels that have passed through 3,903,700 j total, 24,661,700. Receipts (1899), £E.129,874 r expenthe Suez Canal, and the gross receipts of the company, were as diture, £E. 108,198. follow during the twenty years after 1880 :— Post-office orders and remittances through the post office (1898) numbered 563,800, and amounted to the value of £E.16,437,000; in 1899, post-office orders and remittances numbered 598,50o’ and No. of Vessels. Gross Tonnage. Receipts. amounted to a value of £E. 17,437,000. Thirty per cent, of the total foreign correspondence was with £ 1880 Great Britain. 2026 4,344,519 1,593,620 1890 3389 Money.—Egyptian money is minted at the Berlin Mint. The 9,749,130 2,679,360 1895 nominal value of the coinage (including re-coinage) from 1887 to 3434 3,124,149 11,833,637 1896 3409 1900 was:— 12,039,859 3,182,800 1897 2986‘ 11,123,403 2,913,222 Gold. Silver. Nickel. Bronze. Total. 1898 3503 12,962,632 3,411,791 1899 3607 13,815,992 3,652,751 Piastres. Piastres. Piastres. Piastres. 1887-1900. 5,202,400 190,584,769 22,080,289 Piastres. 611,779 | 218,479,237 The number of passengers who went through the Canal in 1899 See also Sudan. was 221,347 as against 219,671 in 1898, and 191,224 in 1897. Canals.—The canals, being designed specially for perennial or Authorities.—Official. Administration: Correspondence reflood irrigation, are only partially used for communication, since the Reorganization of Egypt. London, 1883.—Reports by the Nile serves for this purpose through the country. In the specting Villiers Stuart respecting Reorganization of Egypt. London, Delta, however, the large canals, Raya Behera, Raya Menufieh, Mr 1883 and 1895.—Despatch from Lord Dujferin forwarding the Bahr Shebin, Mahmudieh Canal, Raya Tewfiqieh, and the Ismailieh Decree constituting the New Political Institutions of Egypt. LonCanal, are largely used to reach parts of the Delta which would don, 1883.—Reports on the State of Egypt and the Progress of otherwise be far from water transport. Reforms. London, 1885.—Reports by Sir H. D. Roads.—Until quite recently there were no roads laid out and Administrative Wolff on the Administration of Egypt. London, 1887.—Anmial maintained as such, except in the immediate neighbourhood of Reports by Lord Cromer on the Finances, Administration, and Conthe large towns, and the only communication was by the footpaths dition of Egypt, and the Progress of Reforms. London.—Agriculacross the cultivation. Now, however, agricultural roads are ture : Despatch from Sir Evelyn Baring enclosing Report on the being constructed in most of the provinces, and 1268 miles are open, Condition of the Agricultural Population in Egypt. London, 1888. 324 miles having been constructed in Upper Egypt, and 944 in —Notes on Egyptian Crops. Cairo, 1896.—Dictionnaire geographLower Egypt, up to the end of 1899. ique de VEgypte. Par Boinet Bey. Cairo, 1899. — Finance: Railways.—On 1st January 1901 there were in Egypt 1393 miles Correspondence respecting the State Domains of Egypt. London, of railways belonging to and worked by the State, and 670 miles of 1883.—Statement of the Revenue and Expenditure of Egypt, together light agricultural railways belonging to private companies (see with a List of the Egyptian Bonds and the Charges for their Services. below): in all, 2063 miles ; 1403 miles being in the Delta, and London, 1885.—Reports on the Finances of Egypt. London, 1888660 miles in Upper Egypt, exclusive of the military railway in 1895.—Convention between the Governments of Great Britain, Gerthe Sudan. many, Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Russia, and Turkey, relaThe following table shows since 1880 the length of line of the tive to the Finance of Egypt, signed at London, March 18, 1885. State railways, the number of passengers and the weight of goods London, 1885.—Compte General de VAdministration des Finances. carried, and the net receipts :— Annual. Cairo.—Report (Official) on Perennial Irrigation and Flood Protection for Egypt. 1 vol. and atlas. Cairo, 1894.—Report on the Nile and Country between Dongola, Suakin, Kassala, and Number of Goods carried. Net Receipts. Year. Line. Passengers. Omdurman. 2nd ed. London, 1898. Report of Public Works Ministry (nmiwal).—Report of the Judicial Adviser, 1898-99, 1900. Cairo.—Statistical Tables, Ministry of Finance, 1900. Cairo. Miles. Tons. £E. 1880 944 3,086,478 1,143,312 750,134 Non-Official.—Aubin. Les Anglais aux Indes et en Egypte. 1890 961 Paris, 1899.—Bourguet. La France et VAngleterre en Egypte. 4,696,286 1,721,492 798,418 1895 1098 Paris, 1897.—Butcher. The Story of the Church of Egypt. 2 9,518,000 2,398,000 994,000 1896 1143 9,854,000 2,498,000 vols. London. 1897. — Broderick (Miss) and Sayce (Prof.). 1,033,000 1897 1166 10,742,546 2,796,096 Handbook for Egypt (Murray’s). 1vol. London, 1900.—Brown. 1,123,360 1214 1898 11,312,400 2,786,780 Fayihn and Lake Moeris. 1 vol. London, 1892.—History of 1,114,033 1899 1393 11,284,284 3,055,897 the Barrage. Cairo, 1896.—H. Brugsch Bey. Histoire d’Egypte. 1,161,636 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1875. Eng. trans. 1888. 1 vol.—Cameron.
