STEUVE
a startling success with his novel, Rdda
rummet. His next story, Det nya nket
2), was an even more caustic satire of
conventional life and ideas, and the storm
that broke drove him to live abroad. He
was the leader of the young Swedish
Rationalists who took their inspiration
largely from Brandes, and one of the most
brilliant writers of the north of Europe
A volume of stories, Giftas (1884), was so
lisdainfully anti-Christian in one passage
that it was suppressed and a charge laid
against Strindberg. He courageously re
turned from Switzerland to meet the
charge, and, to the general surprise, was
acquitted. From 1895 to 1897 he had,
unfortunately, a mental breakdown, and
both his work and his creed were after
wards lowered. He had been rather
romantic until the middle of the eighties
and had then for ten years followed the
virile Eationalism of Brandes. He never
returned to Christianity, but after his long
mental illness he was mystic and rather
Swedenborgian. D. May 14, 1912.
SUE
STRUYE, Gustay von, German re
former. B. Oct. 11, 1805. Son of a
Russian State-Councillor, Struve studied
law in Germany, and was appointed secre
tary of embassy at Frankfort. He deserted
the Civil Service, and practised as a
barrister at Mannheim, where he edited
the Mannheimer Journal. He was several
times imprisoned for the expression of his
advanced views. In 1846 he established
the Deutsche Zuschauer. Two years later
he took an active part in the attempt to
set up a republic in Baden, and when it
failed he fled to Switzerland. Venturing
back in 1849, he was condemned to five
and a-half years in prison. The Repub
licans released him, but they again failed
and Struve migrated to America, where he
wrote his most important work, Allgemeine
Weltgeschichte (9 vols., 1853-60). His
Rationalist views are given in this and in
his Pflanzenkost (1869). He fought in the
American Civil War, but returned to Ger
many in 1868. D. Aug. 21, 1870.
769
STUCK, Professor Franz Ritter von,
German painter. B. Feb. 23, 1863. Ed. Munich Academy. Professor von Stuck he is professor at the Munich Academy of Plastic Arts is one of the best known painters of modern Germany, and is classed with Klinger and Lenbach. Besides a large number of medals, he has received the Bavarian Maximilian Order, the Order of the Bavarian Crown, and the title of nobility. He is a member of the SocietS Internationale de Peinture et de Sculpture, and the Berlin, Munich, Dresden, Milan, Antwerp, and other Academies. He is an outspoken supporter of Professor Haeckel, and one of the founders of the Monist League.
SUDERMANN, Hermann, German
novelist and dramatist. B. Sep. 30, 1857.
Ed. Elbing Gymnasium, and Konigsberg
and Berlin Universities. Sudermann was
engaged in his earlier years with teaching
and journalism, but his drama, Die Ehe,
was so successful in 1888 that he devoted
himself entirely to fiction and the stage.
His many plays and novels have put him
with Hauptmann at the head of German
letters, and he is known throughout the
world by some of his stories. His Frau
Sorcje (1888) ran to a hundred and twenty-
five editions. Ho is a stern naturalist,
with a deep social and ethical interest.
His freedom offends many, but he is a
serious artist. Much of the opposition to
him is grounded upon the lack of any
tinge of Christianity in his work. He is,
in fact, an outspoken Monist, and one of
the founders of the Monist League. At
a great meeting of protest against clerical
influence at Berlin in 1900 Sudermann made
an eloquent speech, calling upon Germany
to undertake a thorough struggle against
^ obscurantism," in the sense in which
" Lessing, Voltaire, and Ulrich Hutten had
understood the struggle " (Das Monistisclie
Jahrhundert, February, 1913, p. 743).
SUE, Marie Joseph Eugene, French novelist. B. Jan. 20, 1804. Ed. Lycee
770
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