TYNDALL
UHLAND
philosophy. But he was now writing
notable papers on his science, and in 1853
a lecture of his at the Eoyal Institution
made a great impression. He was appointed
professor of natural philosophy at the
Institution, and was for some years a
colleague of Faraday. In 1867 he succeeded
Faraday as Superintendent of the Institu
tion, and he continued to teach there until
his retirement in 1887. He had in the
early fifties contracted a warm friendship
for his great fellow Eationalist, Huxley,
and in 1857 they studied the Swiss glaciers
together, Tyndall publishing the result in
his Glaciers of the Alps (1860). He was
appointed scientific adviser to Trinity
House and the Board of Trade in 1866.
Tyndall not only contributed materially to
the advancement of his science, but the
charm of his lectures and writings did
much to interest the public in science.
His Heat as a Mode of Motion (1863) and
On Sound (1867) circulated very widely ;
while a series of American lectures (Six
Lectures on Light, 1873) made a profit of
7,000, which he generously devoted to
the popularization of science in the United
States. One of his greatest services to
Rationalism was the outspoken address to
the British Association at Belfast in 1874,
when he occupied the Presidential chair.
His ringing challenge, " We claim, and we
shall wrest from theology, the entire domain
of cosmological theory," made a sensation.
In a preface to the second edition of the
Address he expressly declined the title of
Atheist or Materialist, which is still at
times given him. He was a strict Agnostic,
leaving open " the mystery in which we
dwell." The Address and other Rationalist
papers of his are most conveniently found
in Lectures and Essays (of the R. P. A.
Cheap Reprint Series, 1903). Tyndall
was, like all his eminent Rationalist
colleagues, a man of very high, almost
austere, character. " In the pursuit of
pure science for its own sake, undisturbed
by sordid considerations, he shone as a
beacon-light to younger men" (Enc. Brit.}.
D. Dec. 4, 1893.
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TYSSOT DE PATOT, Symon, Dutch
mathematician. B. 1655. Tyssot de Patot
was born of a French refugee family in
Holland, and he there passed from the
creed of the Huguenots to extreme Ration
alism. He was professor of mathematics
at Deventer. In 1710 he published, under
the pseudonym of " Jacques Masse,"
Voyages and Adventures, which Reimmann
considers as entitling him to include the
author in his Dictionary of Atheists. Some
attributed it to Bayle. It was translated
into English in 1733. It puts arguments
against Christianity (not Theism) in the
mouths of imaginary priests of foreign
lands, and the author was probably a
Deist, not an Atheist. In his later Lettres
choisies (1726) there are more direct, but
very guarded, expressions of his heterodoxy.
UEBERWEG, Professor Friedrich,
Ph.D., German philosopher. B. Jan. 22, 1826. Ed. Gottingen and Berlin Univer sities. Ueberweg, who was the son of a Lutheran pastor, began to teach philosophy at Bonn in 1852. He was appointed extraordinary professor at Konigsberg in 1862, and ordinary professor in 1867. His System der Logik (1857) and other works showed great ability, but he is chiefly known by his widely-used history of philo sophy (Grundriss der Geschichte der Philo- sophie, 3 vols., 1863-66 ; Eng. trans., 1872). In his earlier years he followed Trendel- burg, but in his later period he adhered to Czolbe. Lange.the historian of Materialism, quotes Czolbe as saying that Ueberweg was " an Atheist and Materialist "; but he was not entirely Materialistic, and was what we should now call Agnostic. He regarded states of consciousness as material, but was a teleologist. He called himself an " Ideal Realist." See M. Brasch, Die Welt-und Lebensanschauung F. Ueberweg (1889). D. June 9, 1871.
UHLAND, Professor Johann Ludwig,
LL.D., German poet. B. Apr. 26, 1787.
Ed. Tubingen University. He was trained
in law, and received a legal position in the
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