city-building before cattle-rearing; but the Phœnician tradition is full
of such anachronisms, and shows how little they influenced the reasoning
of ancient genealogists.—The name (
Hebrew characters) occurs (besides 518ff., 1 Ch. 13)
as that of a Midianite tribe in 254 (1 Ch. 133), and of a Reubenite clan
in 469 (Ex. 614, Nu. 265, 1 Ch. 53). It is also said that (Hebrew characters) is a Sabæan
tribal name (G-B.12 s.v.),[1] which has some importance in view of the
fact that (Hebrew characters) (59ff.) is the name of a Sabæan deity. As the name of a
city, the word would suggest to the Heb. mind the thought of 'initiation'
(v.i.). The city (Hebrew characters) cannot be identified. The older conjectures
are given by Di. (p. 99); Sayce (ZKF, ii. 404; Hib. Lect. 185) and
Cheyne (EB, 624; but see now TBI, 106) connect it with Unuk, the
ideographic name of the ancient Babylonian city of Erech.
18. The next four generations are a blank so far as any
advance in civilisation is concerned. The only question of
general interest is the relation of the names to those of
ch. 5.
On the first three names, see esp. Lagarde, Orientalia, ii. 33-38;
Bu. Urg. 123-9.—(Hebrew characters)] G (Greek characters) (= (Hebrew characters)), S (Hebrew characters) (the latter supported
by Philo), corresponds to (Hebrew characters) in 515ff.. The initial guttural, and the want
of a Heb. etymology, would seem to indicate (Hebrew characters) as the older form which
has been Hebraized in (Hebrew characters); but the conclusion is not certain. If the
root be connected with Ar. `arada (which is doubtful in view of G's (Greek characters)),
the idea might be either 'fugitive' (Di. al.), or 'strength, hardness,
courage' (Bu.). Sayce (ZKF, ii. 404) suggests an identification with
the Chaldean city Eridu; Ho. with (Hebrew characters) in the Negeb (Ju. 116 etc.).—The
next two names are probably (but not certainly: see Gray, HPN, 164 f.)
compounds with (Hebrew characters). The first is given by MT in two forms, (Hebrew characters) and
(Hebrew characters)[(Hebrew characters)](Hebrew characters). The variants of G are reducible to three types, (Greek characters) ((Hebrew characters)),
(Greek characters) ((Hebrew characters)), (Greek characters) ( = (Hebrew characters), 513ff.). Lag. considers the last
original, though the first is the best attested. Adopting this form, we
may (with Bu.) point the Heb. (Hebrew characters) or (Hebrew characters) = 'God makes me live':
so virtually Philo (Greek characters), and Jer. ex vita Deus (cited by Lag.).
Both Mass. forms undoubtedly imply a bad sense: 'destroyed (or
smitten) of God' (though the form is absolutely un-Hebraic, see Dri. Sam.
14).—(Hebrew characters) is now commonly explained by Ass. mutu-ša-ili, 'Man of
God,'[2] though the relative ša presents a difficulty (Gray, l.c.). The
true G reading is (Greek characters) ( = (Hebrew characters), 521ff.); (Greek characters) occurs as a
correction in some MSS—(Hebrew characters)] again inexplicable from Heb. or even
Arabic. Sayce (Hib. Lect. 186) and Hommel connect it with Lamga, a
Babylonian name of the moon-god, naturalised in S. Arabia.[3]
18. On acc. (Hebrew characters) with pass, see G-K. § 116 a, b.—(Hebrew characters) in the sense of
'beget' is a sure mark of the style of J (see Ho. Einl. 99).—(Hebrew characters)] archaic*
