a) Dynamics of past and present, dealing with passive progress.
b) Dynamics of active progress, i. e., conscious control of social forces.
4. It should be remembered that this division of sociology into static and dynamic is made for purposes of method and like all methodic discriminations is more or less arbitrary. Giddings goes so far as to reject even the theoretical division. "The sociologist refuses to sunder in theory what nature has joined in fact. He centers his attention on a moving equilibrium." This principle logically carried out would destroy all scientific divisions. The truth here emphasized is important, but the sociologist must as a matter of fact fix his attention at one time upon the equilibrium, at another upon its movement.
XII. Criticisms of the Above Scheme.
Balfour: Essays and Addresses, Edinburgh, 1893. "Doubts about Progress."
Sumner: The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over. Forum, March, 1894.
Moses: The Nature of Sociology, Journal of Political Economy, Dec, 1894.
De Lestrade: Éléments de Sociologie. Introduction.
1. Criticisms of the divisions outlined under XI. come less from difference of opinion as to the tasks themselves than from disagreement about names for the tasks. It would be strange if there were a consensus, and at this stage in the development of social study, it ills becomes anyone to be dogmatic. Doubtless with longer experience and clearer insight, a definite division of labor will take place according to individual points of view. Some such tendency is already evident. The main point of contention is as to the extension of the term Sociology to include more than the general laws of social structure and evolution. The chief objections to such extension are:
a) It is too large a field for effective work.
b) Social ideals can never be scientifically constructed; speculation is sure to be involved.
c) Social control is an art and not a science.
