appeared in place of ṅ + p. — These processes also occur in the case of other prefixes, see e.g., paṅan from the word-base kan (§ 51).
The active formative man-. Philippines, Tag.: mamokot, word-base pokot — Celebes, Tontb.: mamoṅkor, " to fish ", word-base poṅkor — Borneo, Day.: maṅaput, "to darken", word-base kaput — Java, Old Jav. : manurun, " to descend ", word-base turun — Sumatra, Toba: manurat, "to write", word-base surat — Madagascar, Hova: manasa, " to wash", word-base sasa — South-Western Border, Simalurese : manasai, " to wash ", word-base sasa ; as to the -i see § 156.
150. The active formative ba-. Philippines, Bis.: baigad, " to stroke ", the word-base thereto being found in Iloko, viz. igad, " to stroke " — Celebes, Bug.: baluka, " to be loose, to be free " — Borneo, Day.: badaha, " to bleed " — Java, Sund. : baganti, " to interchange " — Sumatra, Lampong: baguna, " to be useful " — Madagascar, Hova: wawenti, " to be bulky, to be massive " — Eastern Border, Sumbawarese: basiṅin, " to bear a name, to be called " — South-Western Border, Mentaway: baliyu, " to fill ", word-base in Mak., viz. liyu, " filled ".
Note I.— Hova wa < ba follows the law: " Common IN b appears in Hova as w except after m ".
Note II.— In Lampong baguna the word-base guna is, of course, a loan-word from the Sanskrit; but the example is cited on account of the ba- and not on account of the guna.
Note III.— In Bis. and in Mentaway, formations with ba- are not numerous, so that ba- is no longer felt to be a formative, but is rather regarded as part of the word-base; that fact, however, is immaterial here, having regard to the purpose of our monograph. The disyllabic word-bases corresponding to Bis. baigad and Mentaway baliyu are no longer to be found in these two languages. We have therefore had to seek them in other languages, and analogous cases occur infra.
151. The active formative -um-. Philippines, Inv. : kuman, " to eat ", word-base kan (see § 51) — Celebes, Tontb.: kuman
