Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/185

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ESSAY III
173

5 distinct cases of verbs in ba-, such as ba-laṅan, "to go", ba-rari, "to run away"; but when we find in 27 lines 5 cases of verbs formed with ba-, we are entitled to regard that "formative as a living one. The Day. ba- forms intransitive verbs, and such too are the 5 Sumbawarese ones. — Apart from this there are isolated cases in many IN languages of verbs formed with ba.

Philippines, Bis.: baigad, "to scrape".
Celebes, Mak.: baloliq, "to roll up".
Java, Sund.: bagěnah, "to be happy".
Islands at the back of Sumatra, Mentaway: baliyu, "to fill".
Madagascar, Hova: wawenti, "to be massive".

Note. — The WB of Bis. baigad, viz. igad, does not exist in Bis. itself, but is found in Iloko; similarly, the WB of Mentaway baliyu occurs in Mak.
53. Besides these active formatives there are very many others that occur occasionally in one language or another, e.g. Old Jav. a-, which alternates with ma-; Bug. keq-, which denotes possession; Day. me- or mi-, which has been discussed above, etc., etc.
54. Now of all these active formatives one language will possess a larger stock, another a smaller one. By way of example, let us enumerate all the living active formatives that are found in Toba:

Formative
ma- maribak, "to be torn".
man- mananto, "to pay attention".
mar- marhosa, "to breathe".
masi- masihoda, "to buy horses".
marsi- marsibuni, "to hide oneself".
marha- marhapili, "to be biassed".
marhu- marhuraja, "to beseech".
maṅin- maṅintubu, "to beget".
maṅun- maṅunsande, "to lean against".
patu- patuṅosṅos, "to clench the teeth (with pain)".
-um- humordit, "to shiver".
-ar- or -al- dumarede, "to trickle".