5 distinct cases of verbs in ba-, such as ba-laṅan, "to go", ba-rari, "to run away"; but when we find in 27 lines 5 cases of verbs formed with ba-, we are entitled to regard that "formative as a living one. The Day. ba- forms intransitive verbs, and such too are the 5 Sumbawarese ones. — Apart from this there are isolated cases in many IN languages of verbs formed with ba.
Philippines, Bis.: | baigad, "to scrape". |
Celebes, Mak.: | baloliq, "to roll up". |
Java, Sund.: | bagěnah, "to be happy". |
Islands at the back of Sumatra, Mentaway: | baliyu, "to fill". |
Madagascar, Hova: | wawenti, "to be massive". |
Note. — The WB of Bis. baigad, viz. igad, does not exist in Bis. itself, but is found in Iloko; similarly, the WB of Mentaway baliyu occurs in Mak.
53. Besides these active formatives there are very many others that occur occasionally in one language or another, e.g. Old Jav. a-, which alternates with ma-; Bug. keq-, which denotes possession; Day. me- or mi-, which has been discussed above, etc., etc.
54. Now of all these active formatives one language will possess a larger stock, another a smaller one. By way of example, let us enumerate all the living active formatives that are found in Toba:
Formative | |
ma- | maribak, "to be torn". |
man- | mananto, "to pay attention". |
mar- | marhosa, "to breathe". |
masi- | masihoda, "to buy horses". |
marsi- | marsibuni, "to hide oneself". |
marha- | marhapili, "to be biassed". |
marhu- | marhuraja, "to beseech". |
maṅin- | maṅintubu, "to beget". |
maṅun- | maṅunsande, "to lean against". |
patu- | patuṅosṅos, "to clench the teeth (with pain)". |
-um- | humordit, "to shiver". |
-ar- or -al- | dumarede, "to trickle". |