Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/232

palaq ri kaw. Old Jav., from the Āśramawasanaparwa : "To reflect on death" = atutura ri pati. Bont., from the Kolling: "Tell it to our mother !" = T. you to m. our = kana m ken ina ta. Hova, from the Testament of Umbiasa: "He who follows after the low fellows becomes a low fellow (himself)" = izay miaraka ami ni amhualambu, dia amhualambu.
159. I have analysed the three books of the Old Jav. Mahābhārata entitled Āsramawasanaparwa, Mausalaparwa, and Prasthānikaparwa from the point of view of studying the dative object, which in Old Jav. is construed with the two synonymous prepositions i and ri, and the result is as follows. The dative object occurs especially:
I. With verbs of saying, asking, answering, commanding, and greeting; e.g., maněmbah ri, "to ask someone respectfully".
II. With verbs of thinking, knowing, remembering, and forgetting; e.g., atutur ri, "to think of".
III. With verbs of desiring, rejoicing, being content, and being sorrowful; e.g., alara ri, "to mourn over".
160. Since, as has been shown above, many IN languages possess formatives which make verbs, that would otherwise take an indirect object or an adverbial, into transitive verbs, it follows that in such languages the indirect object seldom appears. In the Karo Story of the Glutton the first dative object, introduced by the preposition man, does not occur till 1. 100: "This stone is suitable for a seat" = Suits stone this for seat = měhuli batu ndai man pěrkundulkundulěn. On the other hand, by way of contrast, the quite short Tontb. Story of the Python contains half a dozen cases of the dative object.
161. Nearer and remoter object together in a sentence. From what has been said above it follows that the former comes next to the predicate without the intervention of any preposition — and the latter then follows, accompanied by a preposition. I have analysed the whole of Jonker's Book of Laws on this point and find a great many cases of agreement with the corresponding German idiom, e.g., to give refuge to