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ESSAY IV
291
inal IN patay results in Bontok in padöy, we must there assume patoy as an intermediate stage.
168. The diphthongs become simple sounds:
I. The first component of the diphthong disappears, as in Malay api < Original IN apuy.
II. The second component disappears, as in Hova afu < Original IN apuy.
III. The two components unite into a simple vowel, the sound of which lies intermediately between the two components, as in Toba pate < patay and poro < paraw.
169. The Original IN vowel sequences au and ai, where the vowels belong to two distinct syllables, as in tau, "man", lain, "other", are in several languages contracted to o and e respectively, hence e.g., Old Javanese len < lain. Here we must assume their pronunciation as diphthongs as an intermediate stage, thus: taw and layn.
170. This contraction to simple vowels takes place:
I. Without limitations, in several languages.
II. Only when the word is burdened with an enclitic, in Karo. Thus, "water" = Karo lau, "his water" = lo-na, "distance" = dauh, "his distance" = doh-na.
171. In several IN languages new diphthongs have arisen, which do not therefore represent Original IN diphthongs:
I. Several languages turn the i and u of the final syllable of the Original IN WB into ey and ew respectively, for example, Tiruray; hence Tir. taley, "rope" < Original IN tali, Tir. fitew, "seven" < Original IN pitu.
II. Other languages turn i into ay or oy, u into iw or aw. Thus Original IN bĕli, "to buy", becomes in Daya-Achinese blay, in Tunong-Achinese bloy; Original IN batu, "stone", apppears as batiw in Lanniga-Achinese, and as bataw in Miri, a Borneo dialect.
III. Sĕraway turns Original IN final a into aw; thus Sĕr. "mataw", "eye" < Original IN mata.
