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ESSAY I
61
In the Old Jav. Wrttasañcaya, Wasantatilaka, verse 3, there are several such imperative word-bases in succession: prih ! pet ! rarah ! = “Exert yourself ! seek ! search out !” — Mal. example, Hang Tuah, p. 10: kata-ña, hay anaq-ku, sĕgĕra-lah naiq keaatas kĕday ini = “She said: ‘O my ( = ku) child, quickly mount on this ( = ini) booth ! ”[1]
106. At the same time, many IN languages possess a definite number of verbal word-bases, often denoting a mode of motion, which do duty as indicatives. Mal. has a good many such, Mlg. very few. Examples: Bug., Paupau Rika- dong, p. 7: lao pole, naĕssoiwi riolo bola na puwanna = “They went (and) returned (and) laid (the rice) in the sun before ( = riolo) the house of their mistress”. — Mlg., the text Ny Vazimba in Julien's grammar: karazan’ uluna awi ani iwelani ni Huwa = “A race of men come from abroad (are) the Hovas”.[2] — Mal., Ken Tambuhan, edited by Klinkert, p. 72, verse 31 : saṅ nata pun duduq dĕkat anakanda = “The monarch sat next to his princely son”. — Old Jav., Mahābhārata, 34: hetu nira pĕjah tan-paśesa = “(The) consequence thereof (was, that they) all died ( = pĕjah).[3]
107. The simple substantival word-base, neither extended by any formative nor qualified by any word of form, is in many languages plural. Examples: Old Jav., Mahābhārata, a, 36: tikus maṅigit kuku mwaii rambut = “Mice nibbled (at their), nails and hair”". — Day., Augh Olo Bahan, p. 286: ṅalaya tolaṅ rumpaṅ, ṅaleleṅ uhat leso = “Give the weary bones a rest, brace up the slack sinews”.[4] — Mlg., the text Ny Fahafa-tesana, in Julien's grammar, p. 115: ni [5] fati dia [6] mifunu anati lamba mena marumaru[7] = “The corpses are shrouded in several red cloths”.
  1. ↑ [See also Essay II, § 159, and Essay III, §§ 75 seqq.]
  2. ↑ karazan' , by elision for karazana. The meaning is : “The Hovas are a race, etc.”
  3. ↑ [See also Essay III, especially §§ 17 seqq.]
  4. ↑ [The order is: “Rest bones weary, brace-up sinews slack.”]
  5. ↑ ni is the article for both singular and plural.
  6. ↑ dia is an untranslatable particle.
  7. ↑ The order is: “cloths red several”.
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