the command and conferring it upon Gen. George G. Meade, the commander of the 5th corps, who conducted it to Gettysburg, fought Lee there, and drove him back across the Potomac. In his farewell order to the troops, Gen. Hooker acquiesced cheerfully in the action of the government, like a soldier and a patriot, and gave the true significance of the order: “Impressed,” he says, “with the belief that my usefulness as the commander of the Army of the Potomac is impaired, I part from it, yet not without the deepest emotion.” He went to Baltimore, where he remained about two months. But so accomplished a general could not be spared, and on 24 Sept. he was assigned to the command of the llth and 12th army corps, which were consolidated later, and constituted the 20th corps. With these troops he was sent to the south for the relief of Chattanooga, first under Rosecrans and afterward under Grant. From Wauhatchie he marched into Lookout valley on 27 and 28 Oct., and thus aided in opening communications for supplies, so that the army was thoroughly provisioned by two steamers, with only eight miles of wagoning. When Grant's plans were in order for the final movement, so that his line was complete from the northern end of Lookout Mountain to the northern end of Missionary Ridge, Hooker made a bold attack on the former, and carried it on 24 Nov., fighting what has been picturesquely called “the battle above the clouds.” He then marched across to strengthen the National right, and shared in the grand attack on Missionary Ridge, by which Bragg was defeated and driven away in confusion. In pursuit of the enemy, he fought him at Ringgold on the 27th, where he met with stubborn resistance.
When Gen. William T. Sherman organized his army for the invasion of Georgia, Hooker was retained in command of the 20th corps, and gained new laurels at Mill Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, and Pine Mountain. He took part in the attack on Atlanta, and in the capitulation in the latter days of August. Gen. James B. McPherson, who commanded the Army of the Tennessee, was killed in one of the movements around Atlanta, 22 July, 1864. Hooker had expected to succeed him, but was disappointed. The president, at the suggestion of Gen. Sherman, appointed Gen. Oliver O. Howard to that post. Sherman regarded Hooker as one that interfered in the actions of others and questioned the orders of his superiors. Hooker considered himself ill-treated, and by his own request was relieved of his command, 30 July, and was placed upon waiting orders until 28 Sept. But his services were not forgotten. For the part he took in the movements under Grant and Sherman he was brevetted a major-general in the regular army, under date of 13 March, 1865. After the close of the war in 1865, Hooker was put in charge of the Department of the East, with his headquarters in New York city. In August, 1866, he was transferred to the Department of the Lakes, with headquarters at Detroit. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, 1 Sept., 1866, and was for some time on a board for the retirement of officers. Having been struck with paralysis and incapacitated for further active duty, he was, at his own request, placed on the retired list, 15 Oct., 1868, with the full rank of a major-general. He lived subsequently in New York and in Garden City, L. I., where he was buried. Hooker was a brave soldier, a skilful military organizer, with an overplus of self-esteem, which led him to follow the dictates of his ambition, sometimes without regard to the just claims of others; but his military achievements and unwavering patriotism so overshadowed his few faults that he is entitled to great praise.
HOOKER, Thomas, clergyman, b. in
Markfield, Leicestershire, England, in 1586; d. in
Hartford, Conn., 7 July, 1647. He studied theology in
Cambridge, where he became a fellow of Emmanuel
college. In 1626 he was made lecturer and
assistant to a clergyman in Chelmsford, but in 1630
was silenced by Archbishop Laud for
non-conformity, though he adhered steadfastly to the
doctrine of the Church of England, and objected only
to its ceremonies. He continued to reside near
Chelmsford for a few months, and taught school
in Little Braddon, having John Eliot, afterward
the apostle to the Indians, for his assistant; but,
as he was still persecuted, he fled in the same year
to Holland, where he remained till 1633, preaching
in Delft and Rotterdam. He was engaged as
assistant to Dr. William Ames, with whom he wrote
“Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies in
God's Worship.” In 1633 he emigrated to New
England with John Cotton, Samuel Stone, and
others in the ship “Griffin.” The danger of being
pursued and arrested was such that Cotton and
Hooker were obliged to conceal themselves until
they were in mid-ocean. They arrived in Boston,
3 Sept., 1633, and settled in Newtown (now
Cambridge), Mass. At a fast that was observed by the
church on 11 Oct., 1633, Hooker was chosen pastor
of the eighth church that was formed in the colony
of Massachusetts. In June, 1636, he removed
with his entire congregation to the banks of the
Connecticut, where they founded the town of Hartford.
Hooker's influence was very great, and
whenever he preached in Boston he attracted large
audiences. He was identified with all the important
political and religious movements of the colony,
and was one of the moderators of the first New
England synod that was held in Cambridge in the
case of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson. His death, which
was caused by a prevalent epidemic, was considered
a public loss. Gov. Winthrop says: “That
which made the stroke more sensible and grievous,
both to them and to all the country, was the death
of that faithful servant of the Lord, Mr. Thomas
Hooker, pastor of the church of Hartford; who,
for piety, prudence, wisdom, zeal, learning, and
what else might make him serviceable in the place
and time he lived in, might be compared with men
of greatest note; and he shall need no other praise;
the fruits of his labors in both Englands shall
preserve an honorable and happy remembrance of him
forever.” He published many volumes of sermons
and polemical works, the principal of which are
“The Survey of the Sum of Church Discipline”
(1648); “The Application of Redemption by the
Effectual Work of the Word and Spirit of Christ
for the Bringing Home of Lost Sinners to God”
(1657: 2d ed., London, 1659); and “The Poor
Doubting Sinner drawn to Christ” (7th ed., Boston,
1743). A selection of his works and a memoir
of his life were published by his descendant, Rev.
Edward W. Hooker (Boston, 1849). — His son,
Samuel, clergyman, b. in 1632: d. 6 Nov., 1697,
was graduated at Harvard in 1653, and ordained
pastor of the church in Farmington, Conn., in July,
1661. He was a fellow of Harvard, and in 1662
was one of a committee of four to treat with New
Haven in reference to a union with Connecticut.
HOOKER, Worthington, physician, b. in Springfield, Mass., 3 March, 1806; d. in New Haven, Conn., 6 Nov., 1867. He was graduated at Yale in 1825, and received his medical degree at Harvard in 1829. when he settled in Norwich, and practised his profession. From 1852 till his death he was
