rank of brevet brigadier-general. He then resumed his law-practice, and in 1867 was appointed by Gov. Geary additional law- judge of the courts of Luzerne county. In 1875- 6 he was chairman of the Republican state committee. He was elected governor of Pennsylvania in November, 1878, and held the office till 1883, when he again resumed his law practice. During his term the debt of the state was reduced to $10,000,000, and refunded at the rate of three per cent. In 1881 he received the degree of LL. D. from the University of Pennsyl- vania and also from Lafayette college. He has ?ublished " Controversy between Connecticut and 'ennsylvania " (Philadelphia, 1879) ; and " Protec- tion vs. Free Trade " (New York, 1885).
HOYT, John Wesley, educator, b. near Worthington, Franklin co., Ohio, 13 Oct., 1831. After
his graduation at the Ohio Wesleyan university in
1849, he studied law under Hon. William Denni-
son, afterward governor of Ohio. He then entered
the Cincinnati law-school, and also attended lec-
tures at the Ohio medical college and at the Eclec-
tic medical institute, receiving his degree from the
latter in 1853 when appointed to the chair of
chemistry and medical jurisprudence in this col-
lege. He then became professor of chemistry and
physic in Antioch, serving in 1855-'6, meanwhile
delivering lectures in the Medical institute in Cin-
cinnati. In 1850 he accepted the chair of chemis-
try and medical jurisprudence in the Cincinnati
college of medicine, and in 1857 removed to Madi-
son, Wis., owing to impaired health. He was
editor and publisher of the " Wisconsin Farmer
and Northwestern Cultivator " from 1857 till
1867, and secretary and managing officer of the
Wisconsin state agricultural society from 1860 till
1872. He was also vice-president of the U. S.
agricultural society for many years, and was active
in securing national endowments for colleges of
agriculture and the mechanic arts. In 1862 he
was state commissioner to the London exhibition,
and made an extensive tour through Europe in the
interest of industry and education, the reports of
which were published by order of the Wisconsin
legislature. He was state and U. S. commissioner
to the Paris exposition of 1867, and made a second
educational tour. Dr. Hoyt was instrumental in
securing a reorganization of the Wisconsin state
university, together with large additions to the en-
dowment fund, and founded the Wisconsin acade-
my of sciences, of which he was president for six
years, during which time he also directed the
Chicago historical society. He was executive and,
for a time, acting chief commissioner for the
United States at the Vienna exposition of 1873,
serving also as president of the international jury
for education, by appointment of the Austrian im-
perial commission, receiving a grand diploma, and
being knighted. He was also chairman of the
board of judges for education and science at the
centennial exhibition in 1876. Dr. Hoyt served as
governor of Wyoming from 1878 till 1882, after
which he organized various enterprises for the de-
velopment of industry in that territory, and was
the author of the measure for establishing free
public libraries in every county. In 1885 he was
chairman of the international jury for education
at the New Orleans " world's exposition." He is a
member of various learned societies, and president
of the Territorial and historical society of Wyoming.
He has now (1887) a bill before congress for a Na-
tional university to be endowed by the government.
In May, 1887, he was chosen president of Wyoming
university. His publications consist of exhaustive
reports and brochures. He received the degree of
LL. D. from the University of Missouri in 1876. —
His wife, Elizabeth Orpha, poet, b. in Athens,
Ohio, 7 Dec, 1834, is the daughter of John Samp-
son, of Massachusetts, and was educated principally
by professors in Ohio university. From 1851 til]
1853 she taught higher mathematics and metaphys-
ics in Worthington female seminary, and in s:>
she married Dr. Hoyt. She has published poems in
magazines and newspapers, several small volumes of
poems for children (Cincinnati, 1855-'6), and philo-
sophical essays. She has a volume entitled " The Na-
ture of Consciousness " ready for publication (1887).
HOYT, Joseph Gibson, educator, b. in Dum-
barton, N. H., 19 Jan., 1815; d. in St. Louis, Mo.,
26 Nov., 1862. He was graduated at Yale in 1840,
was instructor in mathematics and natural phi-
losophy in Phillips Exeter academy in 1840-"58, and
in 1859 became chancellor and professor of Greek
in Washington university, St. Louis, where he
served till his death. The degree of LL. D. was
conferred on him by Dartmouth in 1859. 11 is
chief work was a carefully revised and enlarged
edition of Colton's " Greek Reader " (1845-'6), and
a volume of " Miscellaneous Writings, Addresses,
Lectures, and Reviews " (Boston, 1861). A eulogy
upon him was delivered by Prof. Samuel Water-
house in St. Louis, 20 Jan., 1863, and afterward
published (Philadelphia, 1863).
HOYT, Oliver, merchant, b. in Stamford, Conn.,
15 Aug., 1823 ; d. there, 5 May, 1887. He was edu-
cated in the common schools of his native town,
and began life as a currier. In 1844 he removed to
New York city, and, with his brother, William,
established himself as a leather -merchant, the
firm becoming one of the most successful in the
trade. Mr. Hoyt took an active part in public
affairs, and served three ' terms as senator in the
Connecticut legislature, during two of which he
acted as president. He was also an active member
of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a liberal
patron of its various institutions. He contributed
largely to the church at Stamford, gave $25,000 to
Wesleyan university, and $2,000 to the Wesley
memorial church at Savannah, Ga. He was for
many years a leading member of the board of
managers of the General missionary society, and
for a time served as treasurer of the Church board
of education. He was a founder of " The Meth-
odist," and in 1881 represented his church in the
International assembly of Methodists in London.
He was chosen a presidential elector in 1872, and
cast his vote for Gen. Grant, of whom he was a de-
voted admirer. When the fund of $250,000 was
raised for the latter by private subscription, Mr.
Hoyt was one of the first to subscribe, and greatly
aided the enterprise by his zeal and earnestness.
He was also a pall-bearer at Gen. Grant's funeral.
By his will he bequeathed nearly $100,000 to va-
rious charitable and religious institutions.
HOYT, Ralph, poet, b. in New York city, 18 April, 1806 ; d. there, 11 Oct., 1878. Before entering the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal church in 1842, he was for several years engaged in teaching and in writing for the press. He was long rector of the Church of the Good Shepherd in New York city, which he established chiefly by
his own exertions as i missionary, and supported its feeble fortunes through many privations. His self-denial, purity of life and character, devoted zeal in his calling, especially in his relations with the poor, were remarkable. His poems are simple in expression, many being devout in sentiment, and, touching tenderly upon the disappointments
of life, bear a sorrowful refrain. Others are hopeful and animated. His longest poem is "The
