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obey the constitutional government. He was buried in the small cemetery there, but under the administration of Gen. Bustamante in 1838 con- gress ordered his remains to be transported to the city of Mexico, and on 25 Sept. of that year, after solemn ceremonies, they were placed in the chapel of San Felipe de Jesus, in the cathedral, in a mar- ble sarcophagus. After his execution congress de- creed that his family should reside in Colombia, giving them a yearly pension of $8,000 ; but, there being no ship for that country, his wife was per- mitted to go to the United States. She lived for many years in Philadelphia, and then went to Ba- yonne, France. — The emperor's elder son, Angel, died in the city of Mexico, 18 July, 1872, leaving a son, Agustix, b. in Washington, D. C, in 1863, who was adopted by Maximilian as heir to the throne, and after the death of his father returned to the United States. — The emperor's younger son died in Paris, France, in May, 1873.

ITUBRI, Francisco Javier (e-toor'-re). South American missionary, b. in Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, Argentine Republic, in 1738 ; d. in Italy after 1800. He was a Jesuit, and labored among the Paraguay Indians. After the expulsion of the Jesuits he went to Rome, where he acted as private tutor to the younger members of the Spanish lega- tion. He wrote " Carta critica sobre la historia de America del Sefior D. Juan Bautista Mufioz escrita de Roma," in which he inveighs bitterly against Muiioz and other Spanish writers who calumniated the Americans (Madrid, 1798). and "Dafios, que debe temer la Espafia de la libertad con que se calumnian sus colonias " (1800). Both works were reprinted (Buenos Ayres, 1818). He also wrote " Historia natural, ecclesiastica, civil, del Vireynato de Buenos Ayres," the manuscript of which is in the Jesuit college at Rome.

ITURRIAGA, Manuel Mariano de (e-toor-e- ah'-gah), Mexican clergyman, b. in Puebla de Los Angeles. Mexico, 24 Dec, 1728; d. in Italy about 1814. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1744. and became professor of rhetoric, philosophy, and theology in Guatemala and Puebla. After the ex- pulsion of the society in 1767 he went to Italy, where bishops from every part of Europe consulted him on theology. He was one of the most voluminous of writers, and published works, in Spanish, Latin, and Italian, on religion, phi- losophy, and general literature. He translated into Spanish most of the dramas of Metastasio, as well as some of the masterpieces of the French stage. His works published before he was banished from America are " El Dolor Rey : Pom pa f unebre con que la Ciudad de Guatemala oro la Memoria de la Sefiora Dona Maria Barbara de Portugal, Kt 'ina de Espafia " (Guatemala, 1759) and " Oracion funebre pronunciada en la Catedral de Guatemala en elogio de la espresada Reina" (1759). A full list of Iturriaga's works will lie found in Backer's " Bibliotheque des ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus " (2d series, Liege, 1854).

ITCRRIBALZAGA, Antonio de (e-toor-re-bal- thah'-gah), Spanish naval officer, b. in Motrico, 11 Aug., 1656; d. in 1728. When he was twelve years old his father, a pilot, took him to sea and in- structed him in the art of navigation. He was ap- pointed chief pilot in 1686, and served for thirty years in South America. He was commissioned admiral in 1702, and ordered to take command of the Spanish forces in South American waters, but was nevertheless permitted as a special favor to retain the office and the emoluments of chief pilot. He rendered great service to his country by re- organizing the Spanish navy, building navy-yards in Montevideo and Buenos Ayres, and designing new models for men-of-war. He successfully op- posed the English Admiral Byng in the Mediter- ranean sea in 1718, and saved in 1726 an immense treasure that had been brought by galleons from New Spain, convoying it safely to Santander. For this, Phdip V. pensioned and ennobled him. Itur- ribalzaga published "Las Reglas y proporciones para la construccion de bajeles," with plans (Se- ville, 1721), and "Historia de la Nautica en los Dominios Espafioles de America."

ITURRIGARAY, Jose de (e-too-re-gah-ri), viceroy of Mexico, b. in Cadiz, Spain, about 1760 ; d. there about 1815. He distinguished himself as a colonel in the war between Spain and France, and came to Mexico in the first days of January, 1803, as- suming office as vieerov, 5 Feb., 1803. " During his administra- tion the first at- tempts in vacci- nation were made under the direc- tion of Francisco Javier Balmis.and also in using qui- nine in yellow fe- ver. Almost all the time of the viceroy was occu- pied in providing sums of money that were due to

France, and in

maintaining Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Florida in a state of defence, in view of the impending war with England. To provide the necessary sum. amounting to over $41,- 000.000, all sources of public wealth being exhaust- ed, desperate financial measures were resorted to, and much church property was sold. On 9 Dec, 1803. he erected, amid costly festivities, though the funds for necessary public .expenses were exhausted, the bronze statue of Charles IV.. which now si amis on the Paseo de la Refonna. He attended with care to the development of mines. He founded colleges, improved the public roads, organized and disciplined the militia and army, and fortified cities. He had a dispute with the United States about the boundary between Texas and Louisiana, which he arranged to the satisfaction of all. When Charles IV. abdicated in favor of his son, Ferdi- nand VII., Iturrigaray seemed disposed to disobey the government, but was compelled by the audiencia to proclaim the new king. When in May both Charles IV. and Ferdinand VII. were imprisoned by Napoleon in Bayonne, and the French rule began in Spain, he openly disobeyed orders from the popu- lar junta, and it is alleged that he favored the in- dependence of Mexico, intending to proclaim him- self king. A conspiracy was now formed against him under Gabriel Yermo, a rich Spaniard, and during the night of 15 Sept., 1808, the govern- ment palace was occupied by a force of the con- spirators, and Iturrigaray arrested and declared deposed. On 25 Sept. he was transported as pris- oner to San Juan de Ulna, and on 6 Dec. sent to Spain in the frigate " San Justo." He died before the termination of his trial, which was long delayed.

IVERSON. Alfred, senator, b. in Burke countv, Ga., 3 Dee., 1798; d. in Macon, Ga., 4 March, 1873. He was graduated at Princeton in 1820, studied law,