losophy in the University of New Brunswick, which post he held two years. In 1869 he again went to Scotland, and during a walking-tour in the high- lands met Dr. Norman Macleod, of Glasgow, who had returned from India, and who induced him to become a missionary. He was appointed principal of the general assembly's institution in Bombay, with instruction to add a college department. After one year in Bombay he was ordered to Cal- cutta to take charge of a similar institution, where he served six years. During his service a large number of pupils were added to the school, and it was united with the University of Calcutta. He was also interested in other missionary work, aided the Bengali Christians in organizing a congrega- tion and in building a church, and was a delegate to the missionary conference at Allahabad in 1872-'3, where he read a paper upon the " Brahma Samaj." He was a frequent contributor to the " Calcutta Review " and other local papers, and was appointed every year an examiner for degrees in the University of Calcutta. In 1877 he went to Scotland, where he spent several months, and lec- tured in the four universities on "Comparative Theology" from a missionary standpoint. For three months he held charge of Park church, Glas- gow, after which he returned to Canada. He was pastor of St. Andrew's church, Chatham, N. B., in 1879-'81, and was then called to St. John's church in Brockville. He published letters to English-speak- ing Hindus on religious subjects entitled " What to Believe" (Calcutta, 1876)), and "The Elements of the Psychology of Cognition " (London, 1874).
JARDINS, Charles Francois des, French na-
val officer, b. in Port Louis, Guadeloupe, in 1729 ;
d. in Santo Domingo in September, 1791. He en-
tered the navy when scarcely sixteen years old, be-
came commander in 1778, and under the Marquis
of Bouille greatly contributed . to the capture of
Tobago,, taking part also in the battles with Ad-
miral Rodney in the waters of La Dominique in
April and May, 1780. In the third battle, which
was a success for the French, he held his 1 ground
alone against three English vessels, and received
the brevet of commodore. He afterward served
under Count de Grasse when the latter went to
protect the American coasts, and commanded a
division in the fleet of Admiral Destouches when
the latter defeated the English under Admiral
Arbuthnot on 16 March, 1781, at the entrance of
Chesapeake bay. His gallantry during the action
won him great praises from the Americans, and he
was made an honorary member of the Society of
the Cincinnati. He commanded the station of
Santo Domingo in 1791 at the time of the troubles
in the island, and, having landed with a corps of
marines to crush the rebels, was instantly killed.
JARNAC, Gaston Louis de (zhar'-nack'),
French soldier, b. in Angouleme in 1758; d. in
Texas in 1818. He served in the war for American
independence from 1776 till 1781, was wounded at
Yorktown, and received from Louis XVI. the cross
of Saint Louis. He emigrated to the United States
during the French revolution, taught French and
mathematics in Boston and Philadelphia, and
opened, in 1797, the French institute at New Or-
leans. Returning to France in 1805, he was for
some time an officer in the army, but having ex-
{>ressed himself too freely on the policy of Napo-
eon, he feared arrest, and fled again to the United
States, living quietly till 1814, when he accepted
service under Jean Lafttte (o. v.). In 1816 he made
the acquaintance of Gen. Charles Lallemand (q. v.),
and agreed to devote the fortune that he had made
with Lafitte in the foundation of the " Champ
d'Asile " on the banks of the river Trinidad in
Texas, and in that military colony held an im-
portant command. But famine and troubles ruined
the colony. Jarnac reproached Lallemand for his
despotic rule, and with a few followers set out,
under the guidance of a Choctaw Indian, to reach
Louisiana. But the savage led them to an Indian
village, where they were attacked and, after a des-
perate resistance, taken captive and murdered.
JARNAGIN, Spencer, lawyer, b. in Granger
county, Tenn., about 1793; d. in Memphis, Tenn.,
24 June, 1851. After his graduation at Greenville
college in 1813, he studied law, was admitted to
the bar in 1817, and began to practise in Athens,
Tenn. He was a member of the state house of
representatives, and was elected U. S. senator as a
Whig, serving from 1843 till 1847.
JARQUE, Francisco (har'-keh), South Ameri-
can missionary, b. in Hispaniola (according to some
authors, in Panama) in 1636 ; d. in Tucuman, Ar-
gentine Republic, in 1691. He studied in Mexico,
and served as a lieutenant in the Spanish army,
but in 1658 resigned, and united with the Jesuits.
He taught rhetoric for several years in the College
of Buenos Ayres, and, having acquired a perfect
knowledge of the Guarani language, was attached
to the missions of South America in 1665. In 1671
he was elected provincial of the Paraguayan mis-
sions, which he reorganized and greatly enlarged,
and he became afterward vicar of the cathedral of
Potosi, Peru, and dean of Cordova. Leon Pinelo
asserts in his "Biblioteca oriental y occidental"
that Fray Jarque was the most competent linguist
that has devoted his labors to the Indian language,
and Humboldt and many others have spoken of
him with high praise. He published " Estado pre-
sente de las misiones en el Tucuman, Paraguay e
Rio de la Plata" (Tucuman, 1687), and "Tesoro
de la lengua Guarani," which is still a standard
work (Buenos Ayres, 1690).
JARRATT, Devereux, clergyman, b. near
Richmond, Va., 17 Jan., 1733 ; d." in Virginia, 29
Jan., 1801. He began to prepare for the Presby-
terian ministry, but in 1762, determining to take
orders in the Protestant Episcopal church, sold
his patrimony and went to England for ordina-
tion. In the next year he returned to Virginia
and assumed charge of the parish of Bath. His
system of religion was regarded as an innovation
in the established church of Virginia, and many
considered him a fanatic. His last sermon was
delivered in the old Saponey church, which is re-
garded as the scene of his labors. He published
three volumes of sermons (1793-'4), and a series
of letters to a friend entitled " Thoughts on Some
Important Subjects in Divinity" (1791). These
were afterward republished in connection with
his "Autobiography" in a series of letters ad-
dressed to the Rev. John Coleman (1806).
JARRIC, Louis Etienne, Chevalier de, West Indian revolutionist, b. in Les Cayes, Santo Domingo, in 1757; d. there, 21 Feb., 1791. He was the son of a wealthy Creole nobleman, and assumed the name of Chevalier de Jarric, although he was a natural son and a mulatto. His father gave him a good education and left him some property, but
young Etienne felt his situation keenly, and accepted with delight the new democratic principles of 1789 as the means of elevating himself to the same level as the white Creoles. He served on the continent as a captain when the French revolution began, and, returning to Santo Domingo, called the negroes together in mass-meetings, urging them to assert their rights, inasmuch as the constituent assembly had already given some hint of recogni-
