geons of the western district of New York in Fairfield. Subsequently the son became an assistant in the academy, but afterward entered Yale as a junior, and was graduated in 1842. After a year spent as a resident graduate, he entered the theological seminary, where he remained for two years, except from September, 1844, till April, 1845, when he was tutor in mathematics at Middlebury college. In September, 1845, he became tutor of classical history in Yale, which office he held for three years, when he was appointed assistant professor of Greek. He continued as such until July, 1851, when he succeeded President Theodore D. Woolsey as full professor, and continued to hold the chair until his death. Prof. Hadley's philological studies made him known throughout the world. He was also well versed in civil law. His course of lectures on that subject was included in the curriculum of the Yale law-school, and was likewise delivered at Harvard. He was also one of the American committee for the revision of the New Testament. Prof. Hadley was one of the original members of the American Oriental society, and its president in 1870-'2, an active member of the American philological association and of the National academy of sciences. He was a frequent contributor to reviews, and his larger works were “A Greek Grammar for Schools and Colleges” (New York, 1860); “A Brief History of the English Language,” contributed as an introduction to Webster's “American Dictionary of the English Language” (Springfield, 1864); and “Elements of the Greek Language” (New York, 1869). After his death there appeared, edited by President Woolsey, twelve lectures on “Roman Law” (New York, 1873), and a series of twenty “Philological and Critical Essays” (1873), edited by Prof. William D. Whitney. — His brother, Henry Hamilton, educator, b. in Fairfield, N. Y., 19 July, 1826; d. in Washington, D. C., 1 Aug., 1864, was graduated at Yale in 1845, with the highest honors of his class. Subsequently he held the office of tutor for two years, meanwhile pursuing theological studies, and finally completed his course at Andover in 1853. He then spent some time in New York studying law, but returned to New Haven, and there spent more than three years in theological pursuits, especially in a systematic study of the Hebrew language and the Old Testament scriptures. In 1858 he became instructor of sacred literature in Union theological seminary, New York, and accepted the chair of Hebrew there in 1862. During 1861 he held the professorship of Hebrew in the theological department of Yale. At the beginning of the civil war he was prevented by his friends from enlisting in the army, but paid for two substitutes from his own purse. During the summer vacation of 1864 he offered his time for the work of the U. S. sanitary commission, and was sent to City Point, Va., where his excessive labors and the hot weather induced fever, from the effects of which he died. His publications were confined to articles that he contributed to the “American Theological Review.” — Arthur Twining, son of James, political economist, b. in New Haven, Conn., 23 April, 1856, was graduated at Yale in 1876, and then studied in the University of Berlin. In 1879 he became a tutor at Yale, and in 1883 was appointed lecturer on political science, becoming professor of that subject in 1886. He was appointed commissioner of labor statistics of Connecticut in 1885, and in that capacity published reports in 1885 and 1886. Prof. Hadley has made a special study of railroads, and contributed much to periodicals on that subject. He has written an article on “Railway Legislation” for the “Encyclopædia Britannica” (1885), a series for Lalor's “Cyclopædia of Political Science” (1884), and “Railroad Transportation; its History and its Laws” (New York, 1885), which has been translated into French and Russian.
HAENKE, Thaddeus, South American naturalist,
b. in Kreibitz, Bohemia, 5 Oct., 1761; d. in
Cochabamba, Peru, in 1817. He studied in the
universities of Prague and Vienna, and devoted
himself to botany, especially under the guidance of
Jacquin, to whose “Collectanea” he contributed
an account of the “Flora of the Austrian Alps.”
In 1789 he entered the service of the Spanish
government as botanist, in order to accompany Malaspina
in his tour round the world. Having reached
Spain too late, he embarked at Cadiz for Montevideo,
and, after suffering shipwreck, finally joined
Malaspina, in Chili, accompanying him in his voyage
to the north, along the American coast as far
as Nootka sound in Vancouver island. He
returned by sea to the port of Acapulco and travelled
through every part of Mexico. He then
embarked again, and, after visiting several groups of
islands in the South sea, landed at Concepcion,
Chili, in 1794. He purchased land thirty miles
from Cochabamba, Peru, and passed the rest of
his life alternately in Cochabamba or on his estate,
on which he opened and worked a silver-mine. He
ascended the volcano of Arequipa, and published
notes of his geological observations, founded a
botanic garden at Cochabamba, and enriched it
with exotic plants collected in his travels. He
took poison by mistake in 1817, and died from its
effects. He bequeathed his botanic collections to
his native country, but only a part of them reached
their destination. They were placed in the
National museum of Prague. Haenke did not
publish any narrative of his explorations, but left
numerous notes on his collections and some
manuscripts, which other botanists have utilized. The
“Reliquiæ Haenkianæ” was published after his
death (Prague, 1825). In the beginning of this
work there is a life of the naturalist by Count von
Sternberg. A copy of Haenke's “Introduccion ó
la historia natural de Cochabamba,” printed in
Lima and dated 15 Feb., 1799, fell into the hands
of Azara, who published it in his “Travels in
South America.” A memoir addressed by Haenke
to the governor of the province of Cochabamba,
and dated 20 April, 1799, entitled “Memoria sobre
los rios navegables que fluyen al Marañon, procedentes
de las Cordilleras del Perú,” was published
by José Arenales (Buenos Ayres, 1833).
HAGA, Godfrey, philanthropist, b. in Isingen,
Würtemberg, 30 Nov., 1745; d. in Philadelphia,
Pa., 5 Feb., 1825. After emigrating to this country,
he settled in Philadelphia, where he became a
merchant, and was connected with the principal
charitable and mercantile institutions of the city.
He was a member of the Philadelphia city council
in 1797-1800, and of the Pennsylvania legislature
in 1800-'1. He bequeathed an estate valued at
$350,000 to charitable purposes.
HAGARTY, John Hawkins, Canadian jurist, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 17 Dec, 1816. He entered Trinity college, Dublin, in 1832, but two years afterward emigrated to Canada, and settled in Toronto. There he studied law, and in 1840 was admitted to the bar of Upper Canada. In 1850 he was made queen's counsel, in 1856 was appointed a judge, and in 1868 chief justice of the court of common pleas. He was subsequently transferred to the court of queen's bench, and in 1878 became chief justice of Ontario.
