JOHNSTONE, Job, jurist, b. in Fairfield county, S. C. 7 June. 1793; d. in Newberry, S. C, 15 April, 1862. He was graduated at South Caro- lina college in 1810, studied medicine, and was licensed to practise ; but, abandoning that profes- sion for law, was admitted to the bar in 1818, and entered into partnership with John B. O'Neal in Newberry, S. C. He was clerk of the state senate in 1826-'30, and at the latter date was elected chancellor, his colleague being Henry W. De Saus- sure. Mr. Johnstone did much to reform the then imperfect practice of the court in South Carolina, and it was said that during the tw T enty-one years of his administration no suitor ever lost either his rights or his estate through the mal-administration of the chancellor. He held office till 1859, when he became associate justice of the court of appeals. His decisions are in Hill's " Chancery Reports," Strobhart's " Equity," Cheves's " Equity, and McCord's " Chancery Reports."
JOUONNOT, James, educator, b. in Bethel,
Vt., 3 March, 1823 ; d. in Tarpon Springs, Fla., 18
June, 1888. He completed his education in 1848.
In 1850 he began to teach, and from 1861 till 1866
he had charge of the schools at Joliet, 111., and in
1872-'5 was president of the State normal school
at Warrensburg, Mo. He was a member of the
institute faculty of New York state for many
years preceding. He was the author of " Prin-
ciples and Practice of Teaching " (New York, 1878):
"A Geographical Reader" (1882); "Glimpses of
the Animate World " (1883) ; " Book of Cats and
Dogs and Other Friends " (1884) ; " How We Live "
(1884); "Friends in Feathers and Fur" (1885);
"The Sentence and Word Book" (1885); "Some
Curious Flyers, Creepers, and Swimmers" (1887);
and historical series of reading-books (7 vols., 1887).
JOLLIET, or JOLIET. Lonis, discoverer, b. in
Quebec, 21 Sept., 1645 ; d. in Canada in May, 1700.
He was educated in the Jesuit college of Quebec,
and received minor orders in 1662, but in 1667
abandoned his intention of becoming a priest, and
went to the west for a time. In 1672, Talon, the
intendant, and Frontenac. the governor, of New
France, determined to make an effort to discover
the Mississippi, which was then supposed to empty
into the Sea of California. By the advice of Talon.
Frontenac charged Jolliet with this enterprise, as
being, he said, " a man very experienced in these
kinds of discoveries, and who had been already very
near this river." All the aid the provincial govern-
ment could afford consisted of a single assistant
and a bark canoe. To obtain further assistance in
his project he went to a Jesuit mission, and there
met Father James Marquette, who had long been
desirous of visiting the country of the Illinois. In
concert with Marquette and five other Frenchmen,
Jolliet arrived in Mackinaw, 8 Dec, 1672. The sav-
ages at this port supplied them with information
that enabled them to draw a map of their proposed
route, which was afterward revised by Marquette,
and in this form was published in Shea's " Discov-
ery and Exploration of the Mississippi Vallev "
(New York, 1852). With the aid of this map the
explorers descended Wisconsin and Illinois rivers
and entered the Mississippi, 17 June. 1673. On the
25th they visited the first Illinois village, and they
then descended the river until they came to a vil-
lage of the Arkansas Indians in 33° 40' north lati-
tude. They set out on their return for the colony
on 17 July, having ascertained beyond a doubt that
the Mississippi empties into the Gulf of Mexico.
Making their way northward against strong cur-
rents, they reached the mission of St. Francis
Xavier on Lac des Puants (Lake Winnipeg) toward
the end of September. Here Jolliet spent the win-
ter, and in the spring of 1674 he returned to Que-
bec after losing his valuable maps and papers by
the upsetting of his canoe in Lachine rapids. He
at once made the governor of the colony and Father
Dalton, superior-general of the Jesuits of Canada,
fully acquainted with the discoveries that he had
made, drawing a map from memory, which is now
in the Archives de la marine, Paris. After his re-
turn to Quebec, Jolliet married Clara Francis Bis-
sot. He tried to urge the French government to
cultivate the rich lands of the Mississippi valley
and develop its mineral resources, but his plan for
colonizing the territory he had discovered was for
the time rejected. About 1680 he was granted the
island of Anticosti. and built a fort there, but it
was destroyed by the English in 1690. and his wife
taken prisoner. Jolliet afterward explored Labra-
dor, and was appointed royal hydrographer in 1693.
On 30 April, 1697, he was granted the seigniory of
Joliet, south of Quebec, which is still in possession
of his descendants. The question as to whether
the honor of first exploring the Mississippi belongs
to Marquette. Jolliet, or La Salle (q. v.) has long
been a subject of controversy. See " Memoire de
Nicolas Perrot," vol. iii. of the " Bibliotheca Ameri-
cana " (Paris and Leipsic, 1864); Parkman's "La
Salle " (1869) : Pierre Margrv's " Memoires et docu-
ments." which supports the claim of La Salle (6
vols.. Paris. 1876-'86) ; John G. Shea's " Bursting
of Pierre Margrv's La Salle Bubble " (New York,
1879) : and Winsor's " Narrative and Critical His-
tory of America " (Boston. 1884-'7), which contains
a bibliography of the subject.
JOLY, Henry Gustave. Canadian statesman, b.
in France, 5 Dec.. 1829. He was educated at Paris,
and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in
March, 1855. He represented Lotbiniere in the
Canada assembly from 1861 till the union, when
he was elected by acclamation for both the Domin-
ion parliament and the Quebec legislature. He
continued to sit in both houses until 1874, when he
retired from parliament and confined himself en-
tirely to the provincial legislature. He was re-
elected for Lotbiniere in the latter in 1875, 1878,
and in 1881. He declined a senatorshin in 1874
and again in 1877. and a portfolio in the Dominion
cabinet as minister of agricidture in the latter year.
On the dismissal of the De Boucherville cabinet by
Lieut.-Gov. Letellier de St. Just, in March. 1878,
Mr. Joly was called upon to form a new ministry,
which he accomplished, assuming, as premier, the
portfolio of public works. He resigned with his
colleagues. 30 Oct.. 1879. and was leader of the op-
position from 1879 till 1883. He is president of the
reform association of the national party of Quebec,
and of the Quebec and Gosforford railway.
JONAS, Benjamin Franklin, senator, b. in
Williamstown. Grant co., Ky.. 19 July, 1834. He
removed with his father to Adams county, 111., at
an early age, and was educated there. He went to
reside in New Orleans in 1853. and was graduated
at the law department of the University of Louisi-
ana in 1855. He served in the Confederate army,
first as a private and afterward as acting adjutant
of artillery in Hood's corps of the Army of Ten-
nessee. He was a representative in the legislature
in 1865, a delegate to the Democratic national con-
vention of 1868, and was elected a state senator in
1872. He was elected city attorney of New Or-
leans in 1874. and 1876 ; was again "in the legisla-
ture in 1876-'7, and was elected U. S. senator from
Louisiana from 4 March, 1879.
JONES, Alexander, author, b. in North Carolina about 1802 ; d. in New York city, 25 Aug.,
