president of the board of trustees that organized the Soldiers' orphans' home at Bloomington, Ill., and in 1870 became president of the first board of railroad commissioners of Illinois. He is the author of “Collections of the Important General Laws of Illinois, with Comments” (in German, St. Louis, 1838); “From Spain” (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1866); “Das deutsche Element in den Vereinigten Staaten, 1818-1848” (Cincinnati, 1880; 2d ed., New York, 1885); and a number of pamphlets.
KOHL, John George, traveller, b. in Bremen,
Germany, 28 April, 1808; d. there, 28 Oct., 1878.
He studied law at the universities of Heidelberg,
Göttingen, and Munich, and after spending six
years as a tutor in Courland, visited Russia.
Subsequently he travelled through Europe and
published numerous works. Having collected material
relating to the early history of America, he
came to this country in 1854 and remained until
1858, when he returned to Bremen and became
city librarian in 1863. He prepared for the U. S.
government a series of valuable maps of America,
and published, at the request of the U. S. coast survey,
the “History of the Discovery of the U. S.
Coast” and the “History and Investigation of the
Gulf Stream” (Bremen, 1868). Those of his
publications that relate to this country, many of which
have been translated into English, are “Travels in
Canada” (Stuttgart, 1856); “Travels in the United
States” (New York, 1857); “History of the Two
Oldest Charts of the New World” (Weimar, 1860);
“History of the Discovery of the Northeastern
Coast of America” (“Maine Historical Collections,”
Portland, 1869); a series of lectures entitled
“History of the discovery of America” (Dresden, 1861;
English translation, 1862); and “History of the
Discovery and Voyage through the Straits of
Magellan” (Berlin, 1877). He also published a
“Lecture on the Plan of a Chartographical Depot for
the History and Geography of the American
Continent” (Smithsonian reports, Washington, 1856),
and a descriptive catalogue of those maps, charts,
and surveys relating to America that are
mentioned in vol. iii. of Hakluyt's “Voyages” (1857).
KOHLMANN, Anthony, clergyman, b. in Kai-
sersberg, France, 13 July, 1771 ; d. in Rome. Italy,
in April, 1838. He studied the classics in Colmar,
France, and philosophy and theology in the Col-
lege of Freiburg, Switzerland, where he was or-
dained priest in 1796. The same year he became
a member of the Society of the sacred heart at
Gogingen. He was driven from Belgium by the
French revolutionists, and settled finally at Hagen-
brunn, Austria, in 1797. During an epidemic in
1799 he devoted himself with such zeal to the suf-
ferers that he was known among them as the
" Martyr of Charity." He was next engaged in at-
tending sick soldiers in Italy, was president of the
College of Dillingen in Bavaria and of a college in
Amsterdam, and finally, on the re-establishment of
the Jesuit order within the jurisdiction of Arch-
bishop Carroll, came to the United States as a
member of that society, arriving in Baltimore, 3
Nov., 1806. He was appointed to visit the Roman
Catholic congregations of Pennsylvania. In addi-
tion to his other duties, he was in the habit of de-
livering two sermons every day — one in German
and one in English. He was appointed pastor in
New York in 1808, and founded an academy for
boys called the New York literary institution, and
another for girls under the charge of the Ursuline
nuns. He was present in 1809 at the death-bed of
Thomas Paine, and has left an impressive descrip-
tion of that event. During his ministry in New
York restitution of stolen goods was made through
his instrumentality, and Father Kohlmann was
cited before court to give evidence in regard
to the person from whom he had received the
property. This he refused to do on the ground
that the information was given to him in con-
fession. It was finally decided that a priest was
excused from answering in such cases, and the
principle of this decision was afterward embodied
in a statute. It was chiefly through his efforts
that the cathedral in Mulberry street, the second
Roman Catholic church in the* city of New York,
was completed, 4 May, 1815. He left New York
the same year to take charge of the novitiate of the
Jesuits at Whitemarsh, Md., and in 1817 he be-
came superior of the order in the United States.
He also filled the post of rector of Georgetown col-
lege from 1818 till 1820. In 1821 he exchanged
the superiorship of the mission for that of Wash-
ington seminary, over which he presided three
years. In 1824 he was summoned to Rome, where
he taught theology for five years in the Roman
college. He held several high official positions,
and enjoyed the esteem of successive popes up to
his death. His works include " A True Exposition
of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church touching
the Sacrament of Penance" (New York, 1813);
" Centurial Jubilee to be celebrated by all the
Reformed Churches throughout the United States "
(1817) ; " The Blessed Reformation : Martin Luther
portrayed by Himself (Philadelphia, 1818); and
thirteen pamphlets on Unitarianism in reply to
Jared Sparks, who was then a minister in Balti-
more, Md. These were published in book-form
as "Unitarianism Philosophically and Theologi-
cally P^xamined " (2 vols., Washington, 1821).
KOHNE, Frederick, philanthropist, b. in Rhe-
da. Westphalia, Prussia. 30 March, 1757: d. in
Philadelphia, Pa.. 26 May, 1829. He emigrated to
this country in 1780. and obtained a clerkship in
Charleston. S. C. Subsequently he entered into
business, and retired in 1807 with a fortune. The
remainder of his life was spent in Philadelphia
and Charleston. He bequeathed nearly $400,000
to various societies and charities connected with
the Protestant Episcopal church in both Pennsyl-
vania and South Carolina, and directed that his
residuary estate should be left so that the colored
population might share in its benefits.
KOLLOCK. Mary, artist, b. in Norfolk, Va., in
1840. She studied art in Philadelphia for three
years under Robert Wylie in the Academy of fine
arts, and subsequently took lessons in landscape
from John B. Bristol and others. Afterward she
spent a year in Paris, studied at the Julien school,
and sketched in the north of France. She is a
member of the Art students* league, and of the
Ladies' art association. New York, in which she is
now (1887) instructor in painting. Her contribu-
tions to the exhibitions of the National academy
of design include " Morning in the Mountains "and
" On the Road to Mt. Marcy " (1877) ; " A Novem-
ber Day" and an "Evening Walk" (1878); "A
Gleam of Sunshine " (1882) ; " On Rondout Creek "
and "The Old Fiddler" (1883); "Under the
Beeches" (1885); "A Glimpse of the Catskills"
(1886); and "Early Morning in the Mountains"
(1887). To the Centennial exhibition of 1876 she
sent "Midsummer in the Mountains."
KOLLOCK, Sheiwd, editor, b. in Lewiston, Del., in 1750; d. in Philadelphia, Pa.. 28 July. 1839. He was commissioned lieutenant early in the Revolution, and took part in the battle of Trenton and other engagements. In 1779 he resigned and began a newspaper entitled the " New Jersey Journal" in Chatham. He removed his press to New York
