health, to his agent in Pernambuco. Young Henry landed in that city on 7 Dec, 1809, and, acquiring strength in a few months, began to explore the country, studying its natural productions. In the summer of 1811 he paid a short visit to England, returning on 27 December to Pernambuco, where he had resolved to make his home. He afterward bought the island of Itamaraca, which he colonized. Koster was the first to give to Europeans exact notions about the remote provinces of Brazil, where he travelled. He published "Travels in Brazil " (London, 1816), and "Explorations in Northern Brazil, 1809-'15, through the Provinces of Pernambuco, Ceara, Parahiba, etc." (1816).
KOTZEBUE, Otto von, Russian explorer, b. in Revel, Russia, 30 Dec, 1787; d. there, 15 Feb., 1846. His father was the celebrated dramatist. The
son was educated at the Academy of St. Petersburg, and entered the Russian navy. In 1815 he commanded an expedition that was equipped and
sent oit at the expense of Count Rumiantzeff, chancellor of the empire, to explore the South sea and Bering strait, in search of a northeast passage
to the Atlantic. After exploring the South sea islands they steered toward Kamtchatka, and discovered, on 20 April, an island to which they gave the name of their patron, Rumiantzeff. Kotzebue also discovered several islands and bays and a sound northeast of Bering strait, which he called Kotzebue sound. He arrived in Russia, 23 July, 1818, and in 1823 was appointed by Alexander I. to command the "Predpriatie," and ordered to the west coast of North America to protect the Russian American company from the smuggling of foreign traders. In 1829 he retired from active service and spent the rest of his life with his family in Esthonia. He was the author of "Travels through Italy, 1804-'5" (4 vols., London, 1807); "Journey in Persia" (English translation, Philadelphia, 1820) ; " A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Bering Strait in the Years 1815— '18" (3 vols., Weimar, St. Petersburg, and London, 1821); and "A New Voyage Round the World in the Years 1823-6" (2 vols., Weimar and London, 1830).
KOUNS, Nathan Chapman, author, b. in Fulton, Callaway co., Mo., 17 Dec, 1833. His paternal ancestors, who came to this country with Lord
Baltimore, were from Strasbourg. Mr. Kouns was educated chiefly at home, and at St. Charles college, Mo., where he was graduated in 1852. He
studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practised until he entered the Confederate army, in which he served during the civil war, being several times wounded. He afterward returned to the practice of
the law, and in January, 1887, was appointed by the supreme court of Missouri librarian of the state library at Jefferson City. He is the author of
"Dorcas, Daughter of Faustina" (New York, 1863), and "Arius, the Libyan" (1883), and of two other works that are still in manuscript.
KOUNTZ, John S., soldier, b. in Richfield,
Lucas co., Ohio, 25 March, 1846. He attended
school in Maumee City, Ohio, until the age of fourteen,
and in September, 1861 enlisted as a
drummer-boy in the 37th Ohio infantry. At the battle
of Mission Ridge, Tenn., 25 Nov., 1863, when the
drum-corps was ordered to the rear he threw away
his drum, seized a musket, and was severely wounded
in the first assault, being left in the field under
the enemy's guns until he was rescued by his company.
This episode is the subject of a poem by
Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, entitled “The Drummer-Boy
of Mission Ridge,” which attained a wide
reputation. He remained in the hospital of
Louisville
until he was honorably discharged from the
service on 25 April, 1864, and on his return to
civil life he attended school for one year, after
which he was treasurer of Lucas county from
1872 till 1874, and county recorder in 1875-'8.
He has been connected with the Grand army of
the republic since its organization in 1866, and was
elected its commander-in-chief on 25 July, 1884.
In the presidential contest that occurred during
his official term he issued an order to bar politics
from this organization. He is now (1887) president
of the Toledo fire-underwriters' association.
KRACKOWIZER, Ernest, physician, b. in
Styria, Austria, in 1822; d. in Sing Sing, N. Y.,
23 Sept., 1875. He studied medicine in Vienna
and Padua, where, as captain of the students'
league, he became involved in the insurrection of
1848. He came to this country, settled in Brooklyn,
where he practised until he removed to New
York in 1857. He established the German
dispensary, and assisted in reorganizing Bellevue
hospital medical college in 1874. He was a member
of the committee of seventy during the
municipal reform, a member of several medical societies,
and attached to Mount Sinai and other
hospitals. He contributed to medical periodicals.
KRAITSIR, Charles, philologist, b. in Schmolnitz,
Hungary, 28 Jan., 1804; d. in Morrisania,
N. Y., 7 May, 1860. He was graduated in medicine
at Pesth in 1828, and in 1831 went to Poland
and took an active part in the revolution there.
He came to this country in 1833 with the intention
of founding a Polish colony, and in 1837-'8
he established an academy at Ellicott's Mills, Md.
Subsequently he resided in Washington, and in
1841-'2 was principal of the state academy of
Maryland, Charlotte's hall. From 1842 till 1844
he delivered lectures in Boston on philology, and
established a school there. In 1848 he went to
Europe, but afterward returned to Boston, and in
1851 came to New York and passed his last years
in Morrisania, engaged in literary pursuits. He
is the author of “The Poles in the United States”
(Philadelphia, 1836-'7); “First Book of English”
and “Significance of the Alphabet” (Boston,
1846); and “Glossology, being a Treatise on the
Nature of Language and on the Language of
Nature” (New York, 1852).
KRAUTBAUER, Francis Xavier, R. C. bishop,
b. near Bruck, Bavaria, 12 Jan., 1824. He
received his early education in Regensburg, and
afterward studied theology in the Georgianum in
Munich. He was ordained priest, 16 July, 1850,
and arrived in the United States in October of the
same year, intending to devote himself to the
spiritual welfare of his countrymen. After a short
residence in Buffalo he was appointed in 1851 pastor
of St. Peter's church, Rochester, where he also
erected schools for boys and girls. In 1859 he went
to Milwaukee to become spiritual director of the
school sisters of Notre Dame in that city, at the
same time attending the church of Our Lady of
the Angels. He remained in this post for over ten
years, and the mother house of the sisterhood was
built under his direction. In 1873 Father Krautbauer
was shipwrecked on Lake Michigan and
narrowly escaped drowning. In 1875 he was nominated
bishop of Green Bay and consecrated on 29
June of that year. He found the administration
of his diocese a work of great difficulty, as his
flock embraced people from every country in
Europe. Some congregations were made up of
English-speaking Roman Catholics, Germans, Frenchmen,
Hollanders, Bohemians, Walloons, Poles, and
Indians. He devoted special attention to the work
