(1863); and “Bunsen and Stahl” (Berlin, 1856). Among his later devotional works are “Gottes Wort” (Berlin, 1865), and “David, der König von Israel” (1866; English translation, 1870). His sermons were published (Berlin, 1868), and his autobiography edited by his daughter, which was translated into English (London, 1871).
KRUSENSTERN, Adam Johann von,
Russian navigator, b. in Haggud, Esthonia, 19 Nov.,
1770; d. in Esthonia, 24 Aug., 1846. He was in
the English service in 1793-'9, and afterward, having
been made a captain in the Russian navy,
commanded in 1803 an expedition that he had planned
for the exploration of the north Pacific coasts of
America and Asia. He described this in his “Reise
um die Welt in den Jahren 1803-'6” (3 vols., St.
Petersburg, 1810-'12; English translation, London,
1813). Krusenstern became an admiral in 1841.
KRYN, called “The Great Mohawk,” Indian
chief, d. in Salmon River, near Lake Champlain,
N. Y., 4 June, 1690. In 1674 his wife became a
convert to Christianity, and the chief abandoned
her. In his wanderings he reached the new
village of La Prairie, on the St. Lawrence, which had
been founded by Catherine Ganneaktena (q. v.) in
1670. He was struck by the peace and order that
prevailed, and after some months became a Christian.
On his return to his tribe in Caughnawaga,
he related what he had seen, and urged all who
shared his ideas to follow him to La Prairie. Forty
at once joined him, and reached the mission on
Easter Sunday, 1676. In 1687, during a war
between the Iroquois and the Indians that were
friendly to the French, Kryn made an offer to
Dénonville, the French governor, to go, with five
others, and find out the real intentions of the
Mohawk tribe. His offer was accepted, and as he was
crossing Lake Champlain he met a body of sixty
Mohawks who had been sent by Gov. Dongan to
make a raid on the French settlements. Kryn
persuaded them to return, and even preached to
them with such success that four were converted.
The Oneidas and Onondagas were also influenced
by him, aided by Garaconthie (q. v.) to keep peace with the French. In February, 1690, under orders
from the new governor, Frontenac (q. v.), a force of a hundred Frenchmen and eighty Indians, the
latter commanded by Kryn, marched on Schenectady.
Kryn encouraged his followers to avenge on
the English the massacre of 200 Canadians by the
Iroquois six months before. Schenectady was taken
by surprise, and sixty-three of the inhabitants butchered.
Later in the same year the great Mohawk set
out with Lieut. Beauvais on a war-party. While
halting at Salmon river, for the purpose of erecting
a stockade, the party was attacked by the
Abnakis, who mistook them for English, and Kryn
fell dead at the first fire.
KUHN, Adam, botanist, b. in Germantown,
Pa., 28 Nov., 1741; d. in Philadelphia, 5 July,
1817. He studied medicine under his father, and
at the University of Upsal in 1862, also studying
botany under Linnæus. He took the degree of
M. D. at the University of Edinburgh in June,
1767, and published his thesis, “De Lavatione
frigida.” On his return he settled at Philadelphia
and practised medicine. He was appointed
professor of materia medica in the College of
Philadelphia in January, 1768, became professor of the
theory and practice of medicine in the University
of Pennsylvania in November, 1789, and held the
chair of the practice of physic from the union of
the college and the university in January, 1792, till
1797. He was a physician of the Pennsylvania
hospital from May, 1775, till January, 1798, and
was president of the College of physicians from
July, 1808, till his death.
KÜHN, or KINO, Eusebius Francis, missionary,
b. in Trent, Austria, about 1650; d. in
Magdalena, Sonora, in 1711. He entered the Society of
Jesus at an early period, and after completing his
studies was appointed professor of mathematics
in the University of Ingoldstadt, but resigned and
went to Mexico as a missionary. He not only
devoted himself to the conversion of the Indians,
but to bettering their social condition. Receiving
permission to preach in Sonora, he set out from
Mexico, 20 Oct., 1686. and met on the way Father
Salva Tierra, Together they formed the project of
converting and subjecting to Spain all the inhabitants
from Mexico to Oregon. Father Kühn was
to undertake the territory of Sonora and the Pima
country, which embraced most of the present territory
of Arizona. After entering Sonora he learned
the different dialects of the inhabitants, and formed
vocabularies and elementary works for the use of
his assistants and successors. He is said to have
baptized with his own hand over 48,000 of the
natives, and caused them to adopt civilized life. He
was constantly thwarted in his efforts by the
cruelty of the Spaniards, and his denunciations of
the violence and oppression with which the Indians
were treated at length moved the Mexican council.
Regulations were made for the protection of
the Indians; but they were never observed, and
he often saw his converts dragged from their
homes and compelled to work in the mines. He
entered Arizona, 13 March, 1687, built chapels
everywhere, made peace between hostile tribes,
“and,” says Clavigero in the “Storia della California,”
“if he could have obtained additional
missionaries and not been hampered by constant
impediments, calumnies, and false reports, he would
then have easily converted all the tribes between
Sonora and the rivers Gila and Colorado.” In
1698 he set out on a tour of inspection of his
mission stations, and travelled on foot a thousand
miles through a rugged country inhabited only by
savnges. He made several such journeys during
the subsequent years of his ministry, and between
1693 and 1697 founded the missions of Santa
Maria Somanca, Gueravi, Cocospera, San Cayetano,
and San Xavier del Bac. The last was the largest
rancheria in Arizona, having 170 houses and 803
Indians. He founded fourteen missions, most of
which were abandoned after his death. He wrote
“Explicacion astronomica del Cometa que se vió en
todo el orbe en 1680 y 1681” (Mexico, 1681);
“Mapa del paso por tierra à la California,”
published by Rev. L. Gobicu (1706); and several
manuscript works, which he deposited with the Jesuits
in Mexico, and which were used by Rev. Miguel
Venegas in his “Historia de California.”
KUNKEL, John Christian, lawyer, b. in
Harrisburg, Pa., 18 Sept., 1816; d. there, 14 Oct., 1870.
He was graduated at Jefferson college, Pa.,
subsequently studied law at the Carlisle law-school, was
admitted to the bar of Dauphin county, and soon
gained a reputation as a lawyer and a public
speaker. During the presidential campaign of
1844 he spoke much in favor of Henry Clay, and
the same year was elected to the legislature and
served for three consecutive terms. In 1851 he
was elected to the state senate, and at the close of
the first session was chosen speaker. In 1854, and
again in 1856, he was elected to congress as a
Whig, and served from 1855 till 1859.
KUNTH, Charles Sigismund (koont). German botanist, b. in Leipsic, 18 June, 1788; d. there, 22 March, 1850. He became a merchant's
