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Janet, the wife of Gen. Richard Montgomery. In January, 1836, he appeared before the supreme court in Washington as counsel for the city of New Orleans against the United States, and this was his last absence from his family. Livingston's celebrity as a lawyer was due to his extended knowledge of law, having probably no superior as a master of the various systems in the civilized world. His works include " Judicial Opinions delivered in the Mayor's Court of the City of New York in the Year 1802 " (New York, 1803); " Report of the Plan of the Penal Code " (New Orleans, 1822); " System of Penal Law for the State of Louisiana " (1826); "System of Penal Law for the United States" (Washington, 1828); also "Complete Works on Criminal Jurisprudence " (New York, 1873). See " Recollections of Livingston," by Au- guste D'Avezac, originally published in the "Dem- ocratic Review " (1840), and " Life of Edward Livingston," by Charles H. Hunt (New York, 1864). Mr. Livingston married in 1805, as his second wife, Louise D'Avezac, widow of a Jamaica planter named Moreau. She was barely nineteen years of age at the time of her second marriage, and unable to speak English; but she soon acquired the language, and rendered great aid to her hus- band by her tact and grace. Mrs. Livingston was an ardent patriot, and never allowed an affront to the United States or a word in its disparagement to pass unrebuked. One day the Prussian ambas- sador at Paris spoke of the city of Washington as a mere village, and, turning to her, asked what its population was. She replied, with a smile : " A peu pres celle de Potsdam." See " Memoir of Mrs. Edward Livingston," by Louise Livingston Hunt (New York, 1886). — John Henry, grandson of Gilbert, third son of the first Robert, clergyman. b. in Poughkeepsie. N. Y.. 30 May, 1746; d. in New Brunswick, N. J., 20 Jan., 1825. was gradu- ated at Yale in 1?<>2, and began the study of law, but impaired health led to its dis- continuance. On his recovery he de- termined to prepare for the ministry,and accordingly went to Holland, where he entered the Univer- sity of Utrecht. In 1767 he received his doctorate from the university, on exam- ination, and was or- dained by the classis of Amsterdam, af- ter being invited to

become one of the

pastors of the Reformed Dutch church in New York. While in Holland he procured the independence of the American churches from the Dutch classis, and within two years from the time of his return bad succeeded in reconciling the Coetus and Conferentic parties, into which the church had divided. He reached New York in September, 1770, and at once entered on the active duties of his pastorate, having the North Dutch church at the corner of Fulton and William streets under his charge. He continued in this office until 1810, although subsequent to 1775, owing to the British occupation of New York, he spent some time at the Livingston Manor, also preaching at Kingston, N. Y, in 1776, at Albany in 1776-'9, at Lithgow in 1779-81, and at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1781-3. After the evacuation of New York in 1783 he returned to his pastorate, being the only survivor of his four colleagues, and for three years he alone performed the work which formerly required the services of these ministers. In October, 1784, he received the appointment of professor of theology from the general synod on the recommendation of the theological faculty of Utrecht, but it was not until 1795 that a regular seminary was opened in Flatbush, L. 1. This was closed two years later for lack of proper support. He then returned to New York, and in 1807 was made professor of theology and president of Queen's college (now Rutgers). New Brunswick. N. J. In 1810 he removed to that place, where he continued to hold these two offices until his death. Mr. Livingston was an ardent patriot, and during the sessions of the Provincial congress that were held in New York in 1775 he was frequentlv called on to open the meetings with prayer. He was vice-president of the first missionary society in New York, having for its object the propagation of the gospel among the American Indians, and he was also one of the regents of the University of the state of New York in 1784-'7. His publi- cations include, besides several sermons and ad- dresses, "Funeral Service, or Meditations adapted to Funeral Addresses" (New York, 1812), and " A Dissertation on the Marriage of a Man with his Sister-in-Law" (1816); and in 1787 he was chair- man of a committee to make selection of psalms for the use of the church in public worship. He was styled "the father of the Dutch Reformed church in this country." See "Memoirs of John II. Livingston," by Alexander Gunn (New York, 1829). — James, soldier, b. in Canada 27 March. 1747: d. in Saratoga county. N. Y.. 29 Nov.. 1832, was the son of John, and grandson of Robert, the nephew of the first Robert. His father mar- ried Catherine, daughter of Gen. Abraham Ten Broeck.and settled in Montreal. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war James was given com- mand of a regiment of Canadian auxiliaries which he had raised. Thisregimenl was attached to the command of Gen. Richard Montgomery, and par- ticipated in the capture of Fort Chambly with its farrison and stores. Later he accompanied Gen. _ lontgomery on his invasion of Canada, and par- ticipated iii the assault on Quebec, where the commanding general was killed. Subsequently lie continued with the American army until the close of the war, and his presence is noted at the battle of Stillwater, in 1777, and at the surrender of Burgoyne in October of that year. Col. Living- ston had command of Stony Point at the time of Benedict Arnold's treason in 1780. and while as a subordinate of Arnold's he was liable to suspicion, Washington himself expressed to him his gratifi- cation " that the post was in the hands of an officer so devoted as yourself to the cause of your coun- try." Lieut.-Col. Richard and ('apt. Abraham, of the same corps, were his brothers. A very elabo- rate history of "The Livingstons of Callendar and their Principal Cadets," by Edwin Brockholst Liv- ingston, to be issued in six" parts, has been privately printed in Europe for presentation only, and the edition is limited to seventv-five sets (1*87).

LIVIIS. Peter, Canadian jurist, b. in Bedford, England, in 1727; d. in England. 23 July, 1795. He came to this country, resided in Portsmouth, N. H., was a member of the council under the royal government, and was proscribed as a Loyalist in" 1778. On 31 May, 1777. he was appointed chief justice in Canada, and acted as such till 1786, when he went to England. Harvard gave him the hon-