orary degree of M. A. in 1767, and he also became a fellow of the Royal society of London.
LIZANA Y BEAUMONT, Francisco Javier de (lee-thah'-nah), viceroy of Mexico, b. in Arnedo,
Spain, 3 Dec, 1750 ; d. in Mexico, 6 March, 1811.
He studied philosophy in Calatayud, was grad-
uated as doctor in theology and law in Saragossa,
and, after entering the priesthood, was appointed
professor of theology at Alcala. He became attor-
ney of the bishopric of Alcala, then canon of the
cathedral of Zamora, vicar-general of that see,
assistant bishop of Toledo, bishop of Teruel, and
finally archbishop of Mexico. He established in
the university the chair of church discipline,
founded several colleges, and in Lower California
the village and mission of Concepcion de Arnedo.
In 1809 the junta of Cadiz appointed the arch-
bishop viceroy, replacing Gen. Garibay, and, on 19
July, Lizana took charge of the government. He
faithfully sustained the central junta, but without
independent action, limiting himself to executing
the orders that he received. He solicited subscrip-
tions to assist the junta in their resistance to in-
vasion, and sent $11,000,000 to Cadiz. He ordered
the proclamations of King Joseph, which were scat-
tered over the country by order of Napoleon, to be
collected and publicly burned in the square of
Mexico, he established a foundry for cannon and a
small-arms factory, and collected 14,000 troops at
Jalapa against a threatened French invasion. But,
as he did not submit to the influence of Yermo and
other prominent Spanish merchants, he was calum-
niated at Cadiz, an order arrived from the junta
relieving him from the government, and on 8 May,
1810, he delivered the executive to the audiencia
until the arrival of the new viceroy, Venegas. He
gave his salary as viceroy to the public treasury,
and retired to his episcopal residence, where he
died in the following year.
LIZARRAGA, Reginaldo de (lee-thar'-rah-
gah), R. C. bishop, b. in Biscay, Spain, in 1545 ; d.
in Asuncion, Paraguay, in 1615. He went with
his parents to Quito, studied theology in Lima, en-
tering the novitiate of the Dominicans in 1560.
After his profession he was sent to the university.
He was ordained priest and at once appointed su-
perior of a convent. In 1586, while prior of the
convent of Lima, he was elected provincial of Chili.
As soon as he arrived in Chili he wrote to the
king of Spain for missionaries, and his request was
answered by the despatch of a large number of Do-
minicans to the New World, who were sent among
the Indians. He went himself among the fiercest
of the natives, whom the Spaniards had never con-
?uered, and was treated with the greatest respect,
n 1590 he returned to Peru, and on his arrival in
Lima was installed master of novices in the convent
of San Rosario. In 1596 he was appointed bishop of
Villa Imperial, in the south of Chili. Shortly after
he reached his episcopal see it was besieged by the
Araucanians. His conduct during this incident
has been variously treated by Spanish historians.
Some say that he deserted his flock, while others
insist that his departure from the city during the
siege was owing to his desire to protect the nuns,
who accompanied him in his flight. After the
destruction of Villa Imperial he transferred his
episcopal see to Concepcion. In 1607 he was nomi-
nated bishop of Asuncion, in Paraguay. He made
vain efforts to protect the Indians, and was so
affected one day at the sight of the barbarous treat-
ment inflicted upon some of them that he never
recovered from the shock. Lizarraga was an able
writer and eloquent preacher. He left three vol-
umes of sermons in folio. He wrote also "De la
Descripcion y Poblacion de las Indias." His prin-
cipal works, however, are his exposition of the five
books of the Pentateuch, and the concordance of
those different texts of the Scriptures the sense of
which appears to be contradictory.
LLOYD, David, jurist, b. in the parish of Marravon, Montgomeryshire, North Wales, in 1656 ; d. in Pennsylvania in 1731. He received a legal edu-
cation, and in 1686 was sent by William Penn to his new colony to act as attorney-general of the
province. His pleasing manners, persistent energy, and natural abilities served to advance him rapidly
in the esteem of all classes of the community, and he was quickly preferred to many offices of trust
and profit. He became successively clerk of the county court of Philadelphia, deputy to the master
of the rolls, and clerk of the provincial court. In this last post he resisted the attempts of Gov.
Blackwell to extort from him the records with which he had been intrusted. In 1689 he was clerk
of the assembly, and in 1693-'4 he was returned as a member of that body. Between this time and
the end of the century he served for four years as a member of the provincial council, and during
this period first developed that sincere attachment to the popular interests which formed so marked a
feature of the rest of his career. He played a prominent part in procuring from Gov. Markham
the new charter of privileges in 1696, and was the author of many legislative schemes for the security
and improvement of the province. In 1703 he accepted the office of deputy judge and advocate to
the admiralty. The beginning of the 18th century saw him pitted against James Logan and the pro-
prietary in defence of the popular rights, and he continued for years an object alike of fear and of
hatred to the proprietary. He was chosen many times speaker of the assembly, and his mind found
employment in forming new schemes of judicial reform. Most of the important court laws that
were passed up to the date of his death were the results of his pen, or at least were framed with the
benefit of his counsel and advice. Being a thorough Welsh scholar, he had studied the laws of his an-
cestors, and made them the basis of his reforms. In 1718 he was appointed chief justice of the prov-
ince. Lloyd was warmly attached to his friends, but implacable to his enemies. The historian
Robert Proud regarded him as possessing political talents, but said they tended rather to divide than
to unite, and James Logan, in a letter to William Penn, Jr., said he "was a good lawyer, and of
sound judgment, but extremely pertinacious and somewhat revengeful." He had the defects of his
race, one of which was an inordinate confidence in his own wisdom. He had also a hot Welsh tem-
per, and was very passionate and bitter when provoked ; but he was most highly regarded by his
Welsh countrymen, and when Rev. Abel Morgan's "Cyd-Gordiad," or Welsh concordance of the
Bible, was published (1730), it was dedicated to Chief-Justice Lloyd, as a token of their esteem and
of his devotion to the principles of liberty. His declining years were marked by a peaceful repose
that formed a striking contrast to the stormy scenes of his earlier life. Laying aside the bitter prejudices and rancorous feelings which years of strife had fostered, he actively and heartily co-operated with his former adversaries in several measures that were calculated to promote the prosperity of the province. Even before his death the great bulk of the community had come to entertain feelings of respect and gratitude toward him as the first lawyer of Pennsylvania. He published "A Vindication of the Legislative Powers," etc
