the 3d Wisconsin regiment, and was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers six days later. He served in Virginia during the siege of Yorktown in May, 1862, and on 19 Sept. of that year was promoted to major-general of volunteers. After the siege of Yorktown he was transferred to ,the Army of the Mississippi, commanded a division at Corinth, and won the battle of Iuka. Afterward he commanded the left wing of the Army of the Tennessee, and the 16th corps. He resigned his military commission in April, 1863, and engaged in manufacturing at Fond du Lac, Wis., but sub- sequently removed to Milwaukee. Gen. Hamil- ton was president of the board of regents of the University of Wisconsin from 1866 till 1875, and United States marshal for the district of Wiscon- sin from the year 1869 till 1877.
HAMILTON, Frank Hastings, surgeon, b. in
Wilmington, Vt., 10 Sept., 1813 ; d. in New York
city, 11 Aug., 1886. He was graduated at Union
in 1830, after which he entered the office of Dr.
John G. Morgan, and in 1831 attended a full course
of lectures in the Western college of physicians
and surgeons in Fairfield, N. Y. In 1833 he was
licensed to practise by the Cayuga county medical
censors, and two years later received his medical
degree from the University of Pennsylvania. Soon
afterward he began to give a course of lectures in
anatomy and surgery in his office in Auburn, which
he continued until 1838. In 1839 he was appoint-
ed professor of surgery in the Western college of
physicians and surgeons, and a year later was called
to the medical college of Geneva. During 1843-'4
he visited Europe, and contributed a record of his
experiences to the " Buffalo Medical Journal." In
1846 he became professor of surgery in the Buffalo
medical college, subsequently becoming dean, and
also surgeon to the Buffalo charity hospital. Two
years later he left his chair in Geneva and removed
to Buffalo, in order to attend to his practice, which
was rapidly increasing. On the organization of
the Long Island college hospital in 1859 he was
called to fill the chair of principles and practice of
surgery, and was also chosen surgeon-in-chief of
the hospital. In May, 1861, he was appointed pro-
fessor of military surgery, a chair which at that
time existed in no other college in the United
States. At the beginning of the civil war he ac-
companied the 31st New York regiment to the
front, and had charge of the general field hospital
in Centreville during the first battle of Bull Run.
In July, 1861, he was made brigade surgeon, and
later medical director, and in 1862 organized the
U. S. general hospital in Central park, New York.
In February, 1863, he was appointed a medical in-
spector in the U. S. army, ranking as lieutenant-
colonel, but resigned in September and returned
to his duties in Bellevue hospital medical college,
where in 1861 he had been appointed professor of
military surgery and attending surgeon to the
hospital. In l*868-'75 he was professor of the
principles and practice of surgery in the college,
and remained surgeon to the hospital until his
death. He was also consulting surgeon to other
hospitals and to various city dispensaries, and in
that capacity Dr. Hamilton had few equals. On
the assassination of President Garfield he was
called in consultation, and remained associated
with the case until the death of the president.
His notable operations were many, and his de-
scriptions of improved processes are numerous.
He invented a bone-drill and an apparatus for
broken jaw, and invented or modified appliances
for nearly every fracture of long bones, with vari-
ous instruments in military and general surgery.
He was the first to introduce the use of gutta-
percha as a splint where irregular joint surfaces
require support, and the closing of old ulcers by
the transplanting of new skin has been repeatedly
attributed to him by French and German physi-
cians. He was a member of various medical asso-
ciations, and was president of the New York state
medical society in 1855, of the New York patho-
logical society in 1866, of the New York medico-
legal society in 1875-'6, of the American academy
of medicine in 1878, and of the New York society
of medical jurisprudence in 1878 and 1885. In
1869 he received the degree of LL. D. from Union
college. Dr. Hamilton was a large contributor to
medical journals, and many of his special memoirs
are accepted as authorities. His works in book-
form include " Treatise on Strabismus " (Buffalo,
1844); "Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations"
(Philadelphia, 1860; 7th ed., 1884. French and Ger-
man translations) ; " Practical Treatise on Military
Surgerv " (New York, 1861) ; and " The Principles
and Practice of Surgery " (1872 ; 2d ed., 1873). He
edited a translation of Amussat on the " Use of
Water in Surgery " (1861), and " The Surgical
Memoirs of the War of the Rebellion," published
under the direction of the United States sanitary
commission (Washington, 1871).
HAMILTON, Hamilton, artist, b. in England,
1 April, 1847. He was brought by his parents to
Cowlesville, N. Y., in childhood, and is practically
self-taught in art. beginning his career as a por-
trait-painter in 1872 at Buffalo. He visited the
Rockv mountains in 1875. passed a vear in France
in 1878-'9, and settled in New York in 1881. He
was elected an associate of the National academy
in 1886, and is a member of the American water-
color society and the New York etching club. Mr.
Hamilton is distinguished in landscape and genre,
both in oil- and water-colors, and also as an etcher.
Among his chief works are " The Sisters " (1882) ;
" Little Sunbeam " ; and " The Messenger " (1886).
HAMILTON, Henry, British soldier, d. in An-
tigua, 29 Sept., 1796. During the war of the Revo-
lution he was lieutenant-governor of Detroit, and
in 1778 was actively engaged in urging the west-
ern Indians to join the British. In the early part
of January, 1779, he recaptured Vincennes, but in
the following February was, with the entire garri-
son, surprised by Gen. George Rogers Clarke, and
carried prisoner to Williamsburg, Va., where he
was imprisoned. He retired from the army in 1783,
and on 16 Nov.. 1784. was appointed lieutenant-
governor of Canada. He was succeeded in this of-
fice by Henry Hope on 2 Nov., 1785, and was gov-
ernor of Bermuda from 1790 till 1794.
HAMILTON, James, statesman, b. in Charleston, S. C., 8 May, 1786; d. at sea near the coast of Texas. 15 Nov., 1857. His father. Maj. James Hamilton, was a favorite aide of Washington. The son received a liberal education, and, adopting the legal profession, began practice in Charleston. He served in the war of 1812, on the Canadian frontier, as a major, but resumed his practice at Charleston, and was for several years mayor of that city. The formidable negro conspiracy in 1822. led by Denmark Vesey, was detected by his vigilance. He was often a member of the legislature, was a member of congress in 1822-'9, and an extreme advocate of free-trade, state rights, and direct taxation. He was an active supporter of Andrew Jackson, who, in 1828, offered him the portfolio of secretary of war, and the mission to Mexico, both of which he declined. He recommended armed resistance to the tariff act of 1828, and, while governor of South Carolina, in 1830-'2, advised the legislature
