clerk in the store. He had little regular schooling, but, with the assistance of the Congregational minister in his native town, prepared himself for Harvard, entering as a sophomore in 1797. At college, although he had to support himself by teaching, lie took a high stand and was graduated with h;)nor in 1800. He then became a teacher in Phillips Andover academy, studying theology meanwhile with the Rev. Jonathan French. On 16 March, 1808, he was ordained pastor of the church at Dedham, Mass. Early in his ministry here he brought himself into notice by iiis able defence of his friend, the Rev. John Codman, who had become involved in difficulty for refusing to exchange pulpits with clergymen of liberal views. In March, 1818, he accepted the presidency of Middlebury college, Vt., and in the same year he received the degree of S. T. D. from Yale. He resigned on account of age in 1839. He then visited his daughters in the south, and when in Washington, on his way thither, was chosen chaplain to congress, and officiated until the close of the session. After supplying pulpits, first in Portland, Me., and then at Northborough, Mass., he was installed, 22 March, 1843, as minister at Dudley, Mass., where he remained until his death. He published a large number of discourses and other writings, among which are two sermons on intemperance (1813); "Inaugural Oration at Middlebury" (1818); "Lectures on Christian Character" (1846); "A Discourse on John Quincy Adams" (1848); and "Reminiscences of Dr. Codman" (1853).
BATES, Joshua, financier, b. in Weymouth, Mass., in 1788; d. in London, England, 24 Sept., 1864. He came of an old Massachusetts family,
and his father was a colonel in the revolutionary
army. At the age of fifteen he entered the counting-house of William Gray & Son, of Boston, where he displayed so much aptitude for business that in a few years both father and son trusted him with their most complicated affairs. When twenty-one years of age he entered into partnership with a Mr. Beckford, but, on account of the
war of 1813, he was unsuccessful, and returned to
the Grays, who sent him to Europe as their agent.
Here he was thrown into intimate relations with the
Hopes and Barings and other great commercial
houses, and, as he continued to have the control of
Mr. Gray's affairs throughout Europe for several
years after the peace, these houses became impressed
with his business abilities. In 1826 he formed a
partnership in London with John Baring, and two
years later they both were received into the firm of
Baring Brothers & Co., of which Mr. Bates in due
time became senior partner. In 1854, when a joint
commission was appointed to make a final settlement of claims between citizens of Great Britain and the United States, arising from the war of 1812, Mr. Bates was appointed umpire between the British and American commissioners in all cases where they could not agree. The justice of his numerous decisions has never been called in question in either country, and some of them contain full discussions of important questions in international law. Mr. Bates, in his youth, had felt the
necessity for a good public library, and, though he
succeeded in obtaining the books that he needed, he
never forgot the difficulties encountered for want
of them. Hence, when he learned, in 1852, that
the city of Boston was about taking measures for
the establishment of a free public library, he immediately offered 150,000 toward such a library, on the sole condition that the interest of the money should be spent in the purchase of books of permanent value and authority, and that the city should always provide comfortable accommodations for its use day and night by at least one hundred readers. He afterward gave to the library about 30,000 volumes, raising the value of the entire gift to fully twice the original amount. After his
death the large hall of the library was called, in
his honor. Bates Hall. His interest in his native
country continued to the close of his life, and
during the civil war his sympathies with the government were freely manifested. See "Memorial of Joshua Bates" (Boston, 1865).
BATES, Joshua H., soldier, b. in Massachusetts about 1817. He was graduated at West
Point in 1837 and served as a lieutenant of artillery in the Florida war, in removing the Cherokees to the west in 1838, and at Cleveland, Ohio, during the Canada border disturbances of 1839-'41. He resigned his commission, 20 July, 1842, and became a lawyer in Cincinnati. In the beginning of the civil war he was commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers, on 27 April, 1861, and organized the Ohio volunteers in Camps Harrison and Dennison, until mustered out of the service on 27 Aug., 1861. He was a member of the sanitary commission, and
when Cincinnati was threatened by the confederates in 1863, he commanded a division. After his discharge from the army he practised law in Cincinnati, and in 1864 was elected a member of the Ohio state senate.
BATES, Martin, senator, b. in Salisbury, Litchfield co.. Conn., 24 Feb., 1787 ; d. in Dover, Del., 1 Jan., 1869. He was educated for a physician, and taught school for a time, but afterward
studied law and removed to Delaware, where he
practised in Dover. He served several terms in
the legislature, and was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1850. After the death
of John M. Clayton he was chosen to the U. S.
senate as a democrat, and served from 6 Dec, 1858,
until 3 March, 1859, acting as a member of the
committee on pensions.
BATES, Samuel Penniman, educator, b. in Mendon, Worcester co., Mass., 29 Jan., 1827. He taught school in Milford, Mass., when only sixteen years of age, was graduated at Brown in 1851. and, after acting for a time as tutor in a private family,
became, in 1852, principal of the Meadville, Pa.,
academy. Here he organized, in 1853, a class of
teachers, to whom he delivered a course of lectures
on the theory and practice of teaching, which was
continued until 1857, and gave the first impulse
toward establishing normal schools in that part of
the state. In the latter year he was chosen superintendent of schools in Crawford co.. Pa., and in 1860 became deputy state superintendent. While he held this office, he was given the delicate task of visiting the colleges of the state and reporting on their condition. His reports appeared in the journals of the day, but have not been published in book form. In 1866 he was appointed by Gov. Curtin state historian of Pennsylvania. His publications include "Lectures on Moral and Mental
Culture" (New York, 1859); "Liberal Education,"
an address before the National Teachers' Association (1864): "History of Pennsylvania Volunteers" (5 vols., 1866-'73); "Lives of the Governors of Pennsylvania" (1873); "Battle of Gettysburg" (1878); "Life of Gen. O. B. Knowles " (1878); and "Battle of Chancellorsville " (1882).
BATLLE, Lorenzo (baht'-lyay), president of Uruguay, b. in 1812. He was minister of war under Gen. Flores, provisional president of Uruguay in]866-'8. and was elected president of that republic after the assassination of Flores, 28 Feb., 1868. Batlle belonged to the liberal party and main-
