dictator and general of the revolutionary army, and in 1813 the constitution of the new republic was promulgated. More Spanish troops having been sent to Chili from Peru to continue the war, Carrera ordered every one in communication with the enemy to be sentenced to death, banished many royalists^ and subjected all others remaining in the country to a compulsory loan. On 30 April, 1813, he defeated 5,000 Spaniards under Pareja on the banks of the Maule. A few days afterward he took the city of Concepcion, and laid siege to Chilian, attacking it several times unsuccessfully. He met with reverses in October, and public opinion turned against him and the monarchical constitution he had established. Then both the people and the army deposed Carrera, giving O'Higgins the supreme command, 27 Nov., 1813. On 23 July, 1814, he raised a rebellion that caused the fall of Lastra, and again assumed power. A division of the royalist troops under Osorio having just arrived near Concepcion, Carrera and O'Hig- gins fought a battle in the Rancagua valley (2 Oct.), were disastrously routed by the Spaniards, and rook refuge in Mendoza. In the following year he joined in a plot against O'Higgins and San Martin, and these two leaders caused him to be im- prisoned, court-martialed, and executed.
CARRERA, Rafael, president of Guatemala,
b. in the city of Guatemala in 1814 ; d. 14 April,
1865. He was of Indian and negro parentage, and
became a drummer-boy and herder in 1829, when
Morazan was president of Guatemala. Subse-
quently he retired to the small town of Metaguas-
cuintla, where he married a woman of singular-
ly energetic character, his constant companion
throughout his public career. Early in January,
1838, the city of Guatemala revolted against the
president, and appointed a provisional govern-
ment; ai\d on the 14th of the same month the
city was attacked by troops from Sacatepequez and
Mita. Carrera commanded 6,000 Indian moun-
taineex's, and, after resisting four days, the garrison
surrendered. Carrera's men indulged in many acts
of vandalism, and their leader only succeeded in
restraining them after they had murdered the vice-
president of the republic, Jose Gregorio Salazar,
and other citizens. Carrera was sent to Mita. a
neighboring district of the interior, in an official
capacity, but not till Gen. Salazar had defeated
him at Villanueva, 11 Sept., 1838. In the follow-
ing year, 13 April, Carrera, being favored by the
so-called aristocrats and the clerical party, again
occupied the capital and reinstated Rivera Paz as
ruler of the nation. Carrera remained as general-
in-chief of the army, defeated Gen. Agustin Guz-
man at Los Altos in February, 1840, reincorpo-
rated the towns of this state with that of Guate-
mala, again took the same city from Morazan, who
had entered it with 1.300 Salvadorians on 18 March,
went to Quezaltenango, and shot its aldermen be-
cause the city had recognized Morazan. Carrera
was elected to the presidency, 21 March, 1847, and
at once began a policy that put an end to the fed-
eration of the Central American republics. Late
in 1847 another revolution broke out at Los Altos,
but was quelled by Carrera, who with a large army
routed the insurgents at Patziin, in July, 1848.
He tendered his resignation in the following Au-
gust, and went to Mexico, where he resided for a
year, President Paredes having appointed him
major-general. The republics of Honduras and
Salvador declared war on Guatemala, and sent
against it 4,000 men under Vaseoncelos, president
of Salvador, in December, 1850 ; but Carrera, with
only 1,500 men, defeated the invaders at " La Arada," Chiquimula, 2 Feb., 1851. A few months
later, 22 Oct., he was re-elected president, and,
having won several victories against the Hondu-
rans, he was elected once more, this time president
for life, 21 Oct., 1854. In 1861 he intervened in
the contest that had arisen between the ecclesias-
tical authorities of Honduras and President Guar-
diola, and in the following year opposed a plan for
a confederation of the Central American nations.
Having declared war on San Salvador in 1863, he
took its capital, 26 Oct., and shot Trungaray and
other prominent persons. Guatemala enjoyed
peace for the rest of his life. He was regarded as
the enemy of order, progress, and civilization. His
government was absolute. When first elected to
the presidency he could not read or write, but sub-
sequently learned to write his name.
CARRIER, Thomas, centenarian, b. in the west
of England in 1626 ; d. in Colchester, Conn., 16
May, 1735. He settled in Andover, Mass., and in
1664 married Martha Allen, who, 19 Aug, 1692,
was hanged as a witch at Salem, on testimony
charging her with appearing before her daughter
in the shape of a black cat. He passed the last
twenty years of his life at Colchester, and, shortly
before his death, walked six miles to see a sick
friend. Notwithstanding his extraordinary age,
his head was not bald nor his hair gray.
CARRIGAIN, Philip, lawyer, b. in Concord,
N. H., 20 Feb., 1772 ; d. there, 16 March, 1842. He
was graduated at Dartmouth in 1794, studied law,
and practised successively at Concord, Epsom, Chi-
chester, and again at Concord. He was secretary
of state of New Hampshire four years, and also
clerk of the senate. He surveyed a great part of
the state, of which he published an excellent map
in 1816, and was the first to apply to New Hamp-
shire the name of the " granite state." — His father,
Philip, b. in New York city in 1746; d. in August,
1806, was the son of a Scotch physician, who died
in New York, and became himself an eminent
physician and surgeon, having the largest practice
in the state.
CARRILLO, Braulio (kar-reel'-yo), dictator of
Costa Rica, b. in Cartago in 1800 ; assassinated in
1845. He was a member of the federal congress
of Centi^al America, was afterward elected gov-
ernor of Costa Rica, and was dictator from 1838
till 1842. While he repressed all revolutionary
tendencies, he devoted his energies also to the pro-
motion of the material interests of the state. He
adjusted its foreign debt, built roads and bridges,
and introduced the culture of coffee, now the great
staple of the country, which became from the poor-
est the richest state of Central America. He trans-
acted all puVjlic affairs aided only by his wife.
CARRINGTON, Edward, revolutionary soldier, b. in Charlotte county, Va., 11 Feb., 1749; d. in Richmond, Va., 28 Oct., 1810. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of artillery, 30 Nov., 1776, was detached with a portion of this regiment to
the south, and made prisoner at Charleston. Carrington was afterward employed by Gates and by Greene, who made him his quartermaster-general. Aided by Capt. Smith, of the Maryland line, he explored the river Dan, and made every preparation
for Greene to cross it with his army ; then joined him near the Yadkin, and was an active and efficient officer in the memorable retreat to the Dan. He commanded the artillery and did good service at the battle of liobkirk's Hill, 24 April, 1781, and
also at Yorktown. He was a delegate from Virginia to the Continental congress in 1785-'6. and was foreman of the jury in Burr's trial for treason in 1807. His brother, Paul, is noticed below.
