were at first impeded by the want of priests ; hut the French revolution resulted in the emigration of several French priests, among them a consider- able body of Sulpicians, by whose aid he was en- abled to provide for the Indians and the French inhabitants of the northwest. The arrival of a colony of English Dominicans supplied him with priests for such stations as were most in need of them, and he also received a community of Carme- lile nuns, and another of Poor Clares. George- town college, of which he had laid the foundation in 1788, was completed in 1791, principally through the aid he received from his English friends. He established a theological seminary in connection with it, which in 1792 was merged in that of St. Mary's, Baltimore. Bishop Carroll was appointed one of the three commissioners charged by the state of Maryland to establish St. John's college at Annapolis, from whose faculty he afterward re- ceived the degree of LL. D. On 7 Nov., 1791, the first synod of the Catholic clergy of the United States was held under his presidency ; and the stat- utes of this assembly and the pastoral letter of Bishop Carroll explaining them have made a per- manent impression on the legislation of the Amer- ican church. But the enormous extent of his dio- cese, as well as the turbulence and scandalous lives of some of his clergy, was a serious obstacle to the spread of religion, and Dr. Carroll solicited the pope either to divide his see into several dioceses, or appoint a coadjutor-bishop of Baltimore ; and, in compliance with this request, the Rev. Leonard Veale was appointed his coadjutor in 1800. Con- gress unanimously selected Bishop Carroll to de- liver a panegyric on Washington on 22 Feb., 1800. In 1803 he performed the marriage ceremo- ny between Prince Jerome Bonaparte and Miss Patterson. By his aid and encouragement, Mrs. Seton founded an institution of the Sisters of Charity at Emmettsburg in 1803. In 1805 he transferred Georgetown college to the Jesuits, and restored to them their former missions in Maryland and Pennsylvania. In 1806 he laid the foundation of the present cathedral of Baltimore, which he was enabled to dedicate before his death. The number of Catholics had increased so much that it became impossible for a single bishop to attend to their wants, and, owing to his representation, Pope Pius VII. erected Baltimore into an archiepisco- pal see in 1808, with four episcopal sees as suffra- gans. Dr. Carroll was created archbishop in the same year, consecrated the newly appointed prel- ates at Baltimore, and, in conjunction with them, framed additional rules for the government of the growing church. The remainder of his life was devoted to the interests of his diocese, which now embraced Maryland, Virginia, and the southern states as far as the gulf and the Mississippi. Al- though not taking an active part in politics, Arch- bishop Carroll was an ardent federalist, and always voted with his party. His writings are mostly con- troversial. Among them are " An Address to the Roman Catholics of the United States of America," " A Concise View of the Principal Points of Con- troversy between the Protestant and Roman Churches," "A Review of the Important Contro- versy between Dr. Carroll and the Rev. Messrs. Wharton and Hawkins," and "A Discourse on General Washington."
CARROLL, Samuel Sprigg, soldier, b. in
Washington, D. C, 21 Sept., 1832 ; d. in Washing-
ton, 29 Jan., 1893. He was graduated at the U. S.
military academy in 1856, and became captain on
1 Nov., 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 8th
Ohio volunteers on 15 Dec, 1861, and served in the
operations in western Virginia from 7 Dec, 1861,
till 23 May, 1862. From 24 May till 14 Aug.,
1862, he commanded a brigade of Gen. Shields's
division, taking part in the pursuit of the Confed-
erate forces up the Shenandoah in May and June,
1862, and in the battle of Cedar Mountain on 9
Aug. On 14 Aug. he was wounded in a skirmish
on the Rapidan. He took part in the Maryland
campaign, and in the Rappahannock cam})aign
from December, 1862, till June, 1863, being en-
gaged in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chan-
cellorsville. and receiving the brevet of major for
bravery in the latter action. In the Pennsylvania
campaign he was present at the battle of Gettys-
burg, whei-e he earned the brevet of lieutenant-
colonel. In the battle of the Wilderness he won
the brevet of colonel, and in the engagements near
Spottsylvania was twice wounded and disabled for
service in the field during the rest of the war. He
was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers on
12 May, 1864, and on 13 March, 1865, received the
brevet of brigadier-general, U. S. A., for gallantry
at Spottsylvania, and that of major-general for
services during the rebellion. On 22 Jan., 1867, he
became a lieutenant-colonel in the regular army.
In 1868 he was acting inspector -general of the
division of the Atlantic, and on 9 June, 1869, re-
tired as major-general for disability from wounds
received in batt^^le. — His father, William Tliomas,
d. in Washington, 1863. was appointed clerk of the
supreme court of the United States on 20 Jan.,
1827, and held that office thirty-five years, until
the year before his death. He was a grand-nephew
of Charles Carroll. His second daughter was twice
married, first to Gen. Griffin, U. S. A., and after
his deatli to Count Esterhazy.
CARROLL, William, soldier, b. in Pittsburg,
Pa., in 1788; d. in Nashville, Tenn., 22 March,
1844. He was engaged in the hardware business
in Pittsburg, whence, in 1810, he went to Nash-
ville, and attracted the attention of Jackson, by
whom he was made a captain and brigade inspec-
tor in his division, 20 Feb., 1813, and advanced to
colonel and inspector-general in September, 1813.
In 1813 he fought a duel with Jesse, bi-other of
Thomas II. Benton. He distinguished himself at
Enotochopco, and was wounded in the battle of
the Horse-shoe Bend of Tallapoosa river, 27 March,
1814. He became major-general of Tennessee mi-
litia on 13 Nov., 1814, and won distinction in the
defence of New Orleans, especially in the battle of
8 Jan., 1815. He was governor of Tennessee from
1821 till 1827, and again from 1829 till 1835.
CARROLL, William H., soldier, b. about 1820.
He commanded a brigade in Gen. Albert Sidney
Johnston's Confederate army, and was stationed at
Memphis when Gen. Zollicoffer was repelled at
Wild Cat. Anticipating a general revolt against
the Confederacy in Tennessee. Gen. Johnston or-
dered Carroll to march with his brigade into the
eastern part of the state to the support of Zolli-
coffer. The Unionists rose in scattered bands, but
dispersed at the approach of the southern troops.
On 14 Nov., 1862, Gen. Carroll, commanding at
Knoxville, proclaimed martial law. but on the 24th
rescinded the order. In the rout at Fishing Creek,
otherwise called the battle of Logan's Cross-Roads,
or of Mill Spring, where Zollicoffer fell, Carroll's
brigade formed the Confederate rear, and retreated
with compai'atively slight losses, but abandoned its
guns and supplies. He resigned in February, 1863.
CARRUTH, James Harrison, botanist, b. in Phillipston, Mass., 10 Feb., 1807; d. in Van Buren, Ark., 15 Sept., 1896. He studied at Amherst, and was graduated at Yale. After teaching tor several
