topic, social or political, that affects the well-being of mankind. In 1856 he received the degree of S. T. D. from Harvard, and in 1878 that of LL. D. from Tufts. He was a trustee of Bellevue medical college and hospital and a member of many societies. The Chapin Home for aged and indigent men and women, named in his honor, remains a monument to his memory. In 1872 he succeeded Dr. Emerson as editor of the "Christian Leader." The closing years of his life were marked by failing physical powers, though his mind was as brilliant as ever. He travelled in Europe, but was unable to regain his wonted vigor, and for a long time before his death he suffered from nervous depres- sion that no doubt hastened the end. Most of his sermons and lectures were collected and published in book form. The titles are " Hours of Com- munion" (New York, 1844); "Discourses on the Lord's Prayer " (1850) ; " Characters in the Gos- pels " (1852) ; " Moral Aspects of City Life " (1853) ; "Discourses on the Beatitudes " (1853) ; " True Manliness " (New York, 1854) ; " Duties of Young Men" (1855); "The Crown of Thorns— a Token for the Suffering," probably the most widely read of his books (18G0) ; " Living Words " (Boston, 1861); " The Gathering " — memorial of a meeting of the Chapin family (Springfield, Mass., 1862) ; " Humanity in the City " ; " Providence and Life " ; and " Discourses on the Book of Proverbs." With John G. Adams as his associate, he compiled "Hymns for Christian Devotion" (1870).
CHAPIN, Henry, lawyer, b. in Upton, Mass.
13 May, 1811 ; d. in Worcester, Mass., 13 Oct.,
1878. He was graduated at Brown in 1835, and at
Harvard law-school in 1838, after which he was
admitted to the bar. From 1838 till 1846 he prac-
tised in Uxbridge, Mass., and then in Worcester,
where he became a partner of Rejoice Newton.
He took an active interest in politics, and rep-
resented Uxbridge in the state legislature during
1845. In 1849-'50 he was mayor of Worcester, and
in 1853 a member of the constitutional convention.
He became a commissioner under the "personal
liberty law " in 1855, later a commissioner of in-
solvency, and in 1858 was appointed judge of the
court of probate and insolvency. For many years
he was a member of the State board of education,
also one of the trustees of the State lunatic asylum
in Worcester, and a director of the City national
bank. He was president of the American Unita-
rian association during several terms, and a mem-
ber of the council of the national conference.
CHAPIN, Stephen, clergyman, b. in Milford,
Mass., 4 Nov., 1778; d. 1 bet., 1845. He was
graduated at Harvard in 1804, and studied theolo-
gy with the Rev. Nathaniel Emmons, Franklin,
Mass. He was ordained as a Congregational min-
ister in 1805, but subsequently changed his views
on the mode and subjects of baptism and entered
the Baptist ministry, at North Yarmouth, Me., in
1819. In 1822 he accepted the professorship of
theology in Waterville (now Colby university), Me.
In 1828 he was called to the presidency of Colum-
bian college, Washington, D. C, an office which
he held until 1841, when he retired on accovmt of
declining health. In Washington, Dr. Chapin was
intimately associated with many of the distin-
guished statesmen of his day. A few published
sermons, tracts, and essays are all that remain to
show his ability and culture. Among these are
" Letters on the Mode and Subjects of Baptism " ;
" The Duty of Living for the Good of Posterity " ;
a discourse in connnemoration of the second cen-
tennial of the landing of the forefathers of New
England ; " An Inaugural Address," which he de-
livered as president of Columbian college ; and a
letter to President Van Buren " On tlie Proper
Disposition of the Smithsonian Bequest." He had
received the degree of I). D.
CHAPLEAU, Joseph Adolphe, Canadian
statesman, b. in Terrebonne. Quebec, 9 Nov., 1840;
d. in Montreal, 13 June, 1898. On leaving college
at Terrebonne, he went to Montreal, and was one
of the brilliant young men of the period. He
became private secretary to D. B. Vigor, a promi-
nent Lower Canada statesman, and afterward
founded a newspaper in Montreal called the " Colo-
nisateur." He was admitted to the bar of Lower
Canada in 1861, and rapidly distinguished himself
in the criminal courts. He has always remained
a staunch adherent of the conservative party.
The question of Canadian confederation caused
many of the young members of the party to " bolt " ;
but Chapleau became a strong advocate of confed-
eration. In 1867 he set out for his native county
of Terrebonne, with only ten shillings in his pocket,
to contest the representation of the county in the
first legislature of the province of Quebec. His friend
and political leader, Sir George Cartier, supported
his opponent, fearing that " Chapleau would be
spoiled " by a victory. Yet Chapleau by his elo-
quence carried the county. As an orator he has
no equal among French-Canadians ; and on the
occasion of a banquet given to him by the mer-
chants of Bordeaux, France, his oratory was de-
clared by French critics to be equal to that of
Gambetta in his best days. He became Queen's
counsel in 1873, and in 1874 achieved some celeb-
rity as counsel for the rebels Lepine and Nault,
Louis Riel's associates, charged with the murder
of Scott. In 1873 he was appointed solicitor-gen-
eral in Mr. Ouimet's cabinet. During the provin-
cial elections of 1875 he was deputed as the cham-
pion speaker of the conservatives, to meet the
liberal leadei", Mr. Joly, in a meeting at St. Croix,
and achieved such success that he was immediate-
ly called into the De Boucherville ministry as pro-
vincial secretary and registrar. When the govern-
ment was dismissed by Lieut.-Gov. Luc Letellier
De St. Just in 1878, and Mr. Auger, the conserva-
tive leader, was defeated at the subsequent elec-
tions, a great caucus was held in Montreal, and
Mr. Chapleau was elected leader of the party. He
led it in opposition until the defeat of the Joly
government in 1879, when he became premier of
Quebec and minister of agriculture and public
works. A few months later he was invited to
enter the Dominion cabinet, but declined on the
ground that the party was not strong enough in
Quebec for him to leave it. In 1882 the offer was
renewed, and the party being stronger in Quebec,
and his health failing, he resigned the premiership,
his portfolio, and his seat in the Quebec legisla-
ture, to enter Sir John A. Macdonald's govern-
ment. On 29 July, 1882, he was sworn of the
privy council, and became secretary of state of
Canada. He was elected to the house of commons
for the coimty of Terrebonne in the following
month. The French-Canadian conservatives in the
Dominion parliament are divided into two sec-
tions, the ultraraontanes in religion, commonly
called the Castors, following Sir Hector Langevin,
Mr. Chapleau is the leader of the other section.
He was at one time a professor of criminal juris-
prudence, and now (1886) holds the chair of inter-
national law in Laval university, Montreal section.
CHAPLIN, Ada C., author, b. in Falmouth, Mass., 25 Jan., 1842 ; d. in Mansfield, Conn.. 9 Dec, 1883. In 1860 she married the Rev. A. J. Chaplin. Her published works include "A Mind of
