going, Mr. Reavis lectured extensively through- out the country on the same subject. In 1879 he visited England, and on his return to St. Louis he began a movement to promote emigration to Mis- souri, twice returning to London to further that object. Besides the works noticed above, he pub- lished "St. Louis the Future Great City of the World " (1867) ; " A Representative Life of Horace Greeley, with an Introduction by Cassius M. < 'lay " (New York. 1872) ; " Thoughts for the Young M'en and Women of America" (1873); "Life of Gen. William S. Harney " (St. Louis, 1875) ; and " Rail- way and River System " (1879).
REBOUÇAS. Manuel Manricio (ray-bo -sas).
Brazilian soldier, b. in Maragogipe in 1792; d. in
Bahia, 19 July, 1806. After finishing his studies
he was appointed assistant clerk of the probate
court of the districts of Maragogipe and Jaguaripe,
but, at the opening of hostilities between the
Portuguese troops and the patriots, he retired with
the independents to the interior, and served till 2
July, 1823. He served again, 24 May, 1866, in the
battle of Tuyuty. He wrote " Sobre a institucao
dos cimeterios extra-mural " (Bahia, 1856) ; " Da
Educaeao prirada e publica tratando de expliear
por ordem su gestacao, hasta su emancipaeao civil
e politica " (Rio Janeiro. 1859) : and " Estudo sobre
os meios mais conveniente para impedir no interior
da Bahia afflicto de aridez, e de su consequencia, e
de su repeticao de devastacao " (Bahia, 1860).
RECABARREN DE MARIX, Luisa (ray-cah-
bar -ren), Chilian patriot, b. in Serena in 1777 ; d.
in Santiago, 31 May, 1839. She became an orphan
at the age of eight years and was educated by her
uncle, Estanislao Recabarren, dean of the cathedral
of Santiago. In 1796 she married Dr. Jose Gaspar
Marin (q. ('.). in whose house she aided in preparing
for the events of 18 Sept., 1810. After the re-
conquest of Chili by the Spaniards in October, 1814,
her husband fled to the Argentine Republic, but
she remained in Santiago, attending to the edu-
cation of her children. In the last days of 1816
the authorities captured the correspondence of a
patriot in Melipilla, and found a letter from San
Martin for Luisa, together with a list in cipher of
the persons concerned in the conspiracy against the
government. By order of Marco del Pont she was
arrested, 4 Jan, 1817, and imprisoned in the convent
of the Augustine nuns, whence she was liberated by
the triumphant entry of the patriots, 12 Feb., 1817.
She lived afterward greatly honored by the public,
but survived her husband only three months.
RECLUS, Jean Jacques Elisie (ray-cloo),
French geographer, b. in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande.
Gironde, 15 May, 1830. He was the son of a Prot-
estant clergyman, and was educated by the Mora-
vian brethren at Neuwied, and afterward in the
universities of Montauban and Berlin. From 1852
till 1857 he travelled extensively in England, Ire-
land, and North and South America, and after 1860
he devoted himself to writing works on his travels
and the social and political condition of the coun-
tries that he had visited, most of which were pub-
lished in the "Revue des deux mondes" and the
" Tour du monde." In 1871 he supported the
Commune of Paris, and was taken prisoner and
sentenced to transportation for life, but the U. S.
minister and representatives of the republics of
South America, supported by eminent scientists,
interceded in his behalf, and his sentence was com-
muted to banishment. He fixed his residence at
Clarence in Switzerland, but returned to Paris
after the amnesty of March. 1879. He has since
devoted himself to the publication of a universal
geography. His publications include " Le Missis-
sipi, etudes et souvenirs " (Paris, 1839) ; " Le
delta du Mississipi et laNouvelle Orleans " (1859) ;
" I'n Miyau'r a la Nouvelle Grenade, k'S cotes neo-
Grenadines " (1859) ; " Voyage a Saint Marthe et a
la Horqueta " (1860) ; " Le Rio Hacha, les Indiens
Goagires et la Sierra Negra " (1860) ; " Les Arua-
ques et la Sierra Nevada " (1860) ; " De 1'escla-
vage aux Etats-Unis, le code noir et les esclaves "
(1860) ; " Les planteurs de la Louisiane et les_ abo-
litionistes " (1861); "Le Mormonisme et les Etals-
Unis " (1861) ; " Le Bresil et la colonisation, le
bassin des Amazones et les Indiens " (1862) ; " Les
provinces du littoral du Bresil, les noirs et les
colonies Allemandes" (1862): "Le coton et la
crise Americaine, les compagnies cotonnieres, et
les tentatives du commerce Anglais depuis la rup-
ture de I'Union" (1862); "Les livres sur la crise
Americaine, guerre de la secession " (1862) ; " L'elec-
tion presidentielle de la Plata, et la guerre du
Paraguay "(1862); "Les noirs Americains depuis
la guerre civile aux Etats-Unis " (1863) ; " Les
planteurs de la Louisiane et les regimes Africains"
(1863) ; " Histoire de la guerre civile aux Etats-
Unis, les deux dernieres annees de la grande lutte
Americaine " (1864) ; " La poesie et les poetes dans
1'Amerique Espagnole depuis Findependance "
(1864); " La commission sanitaire de la guerre
aux Etats-Unis, l_861-'64 " (1864) ; " La guerre de
1'Uruguay et les republiques de la Plata" (1865) ;
"Les republiques de 1'Amerique du Sud, leurs
guerres et leur projet de federation " (1866) ; " La
guerre du Paraguay " (1867) ; " La terre " (2 vols.,
1867-'68) ; " Les republiques de 1'isthme Ameri-
cain" (1868); "Les phenomenes terrestres, le
monde et les meteores " (1872), which was trans-
lated into English under the title "The Ocean,
Atmosphere, and Life" (New York, 1872); and
" Geographic universelle " (1875-'88, 13 vols.; Eng-
lish .translation. New York, 1877-'86). His broth-
er, Elie Armand Ebenhezer, b. in Orthez, 13
March, 1843, served in the navy, and in 1870 was
sent by Ferdinand de Lesseps to Panama to make,
in conjunction with Lieut. Bonaparte Wyse, the
preliminary surveys for the projected canal. He
has since interested himself in the canal, and held
conferences upon the subject. His works include
" Explorations aux isthmes de Panama et de Darien,
en 1876-'8 " (Paris, 1880).
REDDALL, Henry Frederick, author, b. in
London, England, 25 Nov., 1852. He was educated
at the Birkbeck Foundation, and since coming to
this country has been a contributor to periodicals
under the pen-name of " Frederic Alldred." Since
1881 he had been associate editor of " The People's
Cyclopaedia." He has published " From the Golden
Gate to the Golden Horn" (New York, 1883);
"WTio Was He?" six historical sketches (1886);
"School-Boy Days in Merrie England" (1888);
" ( 'i purtship. Love, and Wedlock " (1888) ; and
"Fancy, Fart, and Fable" (1888).
REDDING. Benjamin Barnard, pioneer, b. in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, 17 Jan., 1824; d. in San Francisco, Cal., 21 Aug., 1882. He was educated at Yarmouth academy, and in 1840 went to Boston, where he became a clerk and afterward entered the grocery and ship-chandlery business. In 1849 he organized a company' of men who sailed from Yarmouth for California," where they arrived on 12 May, 1850. He went to the Yuba river diggings, and afterward to the Pittsburg bar, working as a laborer. Subsequently he was employed in drawing papers for the sale of claims, acted as arbitrator, was elected a member of the assembly from Yuba and Sierra counties, and during the session wrote for the San Joaquin " Republican "
