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native province, in 1821 was deputy to the con- stituent congress of Cucuta, and in 1822 a member of the cabinet in Bogota as secretary of the inte- rior. Later he was secretary of state and an inti- mate friend of Simon Bolivar, and after the parti- tion of Colombia intn tin 1 three republics of Vene- zuela, New Granada, and Ecuador, was appointed director of the mint in Bogota. In his leisure hours he entirely rearranged his historical work, which had first appeared in 1827. He wrote " En- sayo sobre la geografia, producciones, indiistria y po'blacion de la provincia de Antioquia " (El Sema- nario, 1819: reprinted in Bogota, 1824), and Ilis- toria de la Revolution de Colombia " (10 vols., Paris, 1827 : Bogota. 1858).

REULING, George (roy'-ling), physician, b. in Romrod, Germany, 11 Nov., 1839. He studied medicine at Giessen from 1860 till 1865, and after graduation studied ophthalmology at Berlin under Karl F. von Graefe, and in Vienna under Ferdi- nand von Ardt. He was military surgeon in the Prussian army during the war with Austria, thru as- sistant at the eye hospital at Wiesbaden in 1866-7, and, after studying for a year longer at Paris under Liebreieh, De Wecker, and Meyer, came to the United States, and established himself in Baltimore, Md., as a specialist in diseases of the eye and ear. In 1869 he was appointed physician-in-chief of the Eye and ear infirmary in that city. He was chosen professor of ophthalmology in the University of Baltimore, and in 1871-'3 he was professor of eye and ear surgery in Washington university. Dr. Reuling has invented a microtome for microscopi- cal sections, and a ring-shaped silver-sling for the extraction of cataract within the capsule. He has written on " Detachment of the Choroid after Ex- traction of Cataract " (1808), " Extraction of Cata- ract within the Capsule," and " Destruction of a Cyst of the Iris by Galvano-Cautery " (1887).

REVELS, Hiram R., senator, b. in Fayette- ville, N. C., 1 Sept., 1822. He is a quadroon, the son of free colored parents. After receiving his education at the Friends' seminary in Liberty, Ind., whither he removed in 1844, and completing a theological course in Ohio, he was ordained a min- ister in the African Methodist Episcopal church. and became a popular preacher and lecturer among the colored people of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. Before the beginning of the civil war he settled in Baltimore, Ohio, as a minister and principal of the high-school for colored students. He assisted in organizing the first colored regi- ment in Maryland, went to St. Louis, Mo., as a teacher, and aided in raising the first one there, which he accompanied as chaplain to Vicksburg, where he rendered assistance to the provost-marshal in re-establishing order and industry among the freedmen. He followed the army to Jackson, Miss., preaching and lecturing among the emancipated slaves, and organizing churches. He spent two years in the same way in Missouri and Kansas. He was elected to the Mississippi senate by a large majority on the reconstruction of the state gov- ernment, and, when the legislature assembled, was chosen by 81 votes against 38 to be Gen. Adelbert Ames's colleague in the U. S. senate. He took his seat on 25 Feb., 1870, and served till 3 March, 1871, when his term expired. He was afterward pastor of a church at Holly Springs, Miss., until he removed to Indiana, and took charge of the Methodist Episcopal church in Richmond, Ind. Revels was the first man of his race to sit in the U. S. senate. From the close of his senatorial term till 1883 he was the president nf Alc/orn agricul- tural university, Rodney, Miss.

REVERE, Paul, patriot, b. in Boston, Mass., 1 Jan., 1735: d. there, 10 May, 1818. His grand- father, a Huguenot, emigrated from Sainte-Foy, France, to the island of Guernsey, whence his father removed to Boston, and there learned the trade of a goldsmith. The son was trained in this business, and became skilful in drawing and en- graving designs on silver plate. He took part in the expedition of 1756 to capture Crown Point from the French, being ap- pointed a lieuten- ant of artillery, and stationed at Fort Edward, near Lake George. On his re- turn to Boston he married, and began business for himself as a goldsmith. He also practised cop- per-plate engraving, in which he was self-taught, and pro-

duced a portrait of

Rev. Dr. Jonathan Mayhew. followed in 1766 by a picture emblematical of the repeal of the stamp-act, and next by a caricature entitled " A Warm Place Hell," in which are represented the seventeen members of the house of representatives who voted for rescinding the circular of 1768 to the provincial legislatures. In 1770 he published a print representing the Boston massacre, and in 1774 one representing the landing of British troops in Boston. He was one of the grand jurors that refused to serve in 1774 in consequence of the act of parliament that made the -supreme court judges independent of the legislature in regard to their salaries. In 1775 he engraved the plates for the paper-money that had been ordered by the Provincial congress of Massachusetts, made the press, and printed the bills. He was sent to Philadelphia to learn the process of making gunpowder, and the proprietor of the mill there would only consent to show him the works in operation, but not to let him take memoranda or drawings. Nevertheless, on his return, he constructed a mill, which was soon put into successful operation. He was one of the prime movers of the " tea-party " that destroyed the tea in Boston harbor. In the autumn of 1774 he and about thirty other young men, chiefly mechanics, formed a secret society for the purpose of watching the movements of the British soldiers and detecting the designs of the Tories, which they reported only to John Hancock, Dr. Charles Warren, Samuel Adams, and two or three others, one of whom was the traitor, Dr. Benjamin Church, who communicated the transactions of the society to Gen. Thomas Gage. They took turns in patrolling the streets, and several days before the battle of Lexington they observed suspicious preparations in the British barracks and on the ships in the harbor. On the evening of 18 April they apprised the Whigs that the troops had begun to move. Dr. Warren, sending for Revere, desired him to set out at once for Lexington in order to warn Hancock and Adams in time. Crossing to Charlestown by boat, he procured a horse, and rode through Medford, rousing the minute-men on the way, and, after barely escaping capture by some British officers, reached Lexington and delivered his message. With Dr. Samuel Prescott