PILLING, James Constantino, philologist, b. in Washington, 1(5 Xov., 1S46 ; d. in Olney. Md., 26 July, 1895. He was educated at Gonzaga col- lege, and became connected with the geological survey of the Rocky mountain region under .Major Powell. In this relation he continued until 1879, and was constantly among the Indian tribes of the west, engaged in tabulating the vocabularies of their various dialects. He then became chief clerk of the bureau of ethnology, and in 1881 was appointed to a similar office in the L T . S. geological survey. Mr. Pilling was a member of numerous scientific societies, and, in addition to memoirs on ethnological subjects, is the author of " Bibliogra- phy of the Languages of the North American In- dians" (Vashington, 1885); " Bibliography of the Eskimoan Languages " (1887) ; and " Bibliography of the Siouan Languages " (1887). all of which ha < been issued under the auspices of the government.
PILLOW, Gideon Johnson, soldier, b. in
Williamson county, Tenn., 8 June, 180(5 ; d. in Lee
county. Ark.. 6 Oct., 1878. He was graduated at
the University of Nashville, Tenn., in 1827, prac-
tised law at Columbia, Tenn., was a delegate to
the National Democratic convention in 1844, and
aided largely in the nomination of his neighbor,
James K. Polk, as the candidate for president.
In July, 1846. he was appointed brigadier-general
in command of Tennessee volunteers in the Mi i-
can war. He served for some time with Gen.
Zachary Taylor on the Mexican frontier, subse-
quently joined Gen. Scott at Vera Cruz, and took
an active part in the siege of that city, afterward
being one of the commissioners that received its
surrender from the Mexican authorities. At the
battle of Cerro Gordo he commanded the right
wing of the American army, and was severely
wounded. He was promoted to major-general, 13
April. 1*47, was engaged in the battles of Churu-
busco, Molino del Bey, and C'hapultepec, where he
was wounded. He differed with Gen. Scott in
regard to the convention of 'Tacubaya, and the
differences led to such results that Gen. Pillow
requested a court of inquiry to try him on charges
of insubordination that were mad'e by Scott. The
court was ordered, and he was honorably acquitted.
After the Mexican war he resumed the practice of
law in Tennessee, and was also largely engaged in
planting. In the Nashville southern convention of
1850 Gen. Pillow took conservative ground, and
opposed extreme measures. He received twenty-
five votes for the nomination for the vice-presi-
dency at the Democratic National convention in
1x52. On 9 May, 18(51, he was appointed by Gov.
Isham G. Harris a major-general in the provisional
army of the state of Tennessee, and aided largely
in the organization of its forces. On 9 July, 1861,
he was made a brigadier-general in the provisional
Confederate army. He commanded under (leu.
Leonidas Polk at the battle of Belraont, Missouri,
7 Nov., 1861, and was second in command under
Gen. John B. Floyd at Fort Donelson in February.
1862. He declined to assume the chief command
and to surrender the forces at this fort, -i '. I iirning
the place over to Gen. Simon B. Buekner, he es-
caped. He was now relieved from command, but
subsequently led a detachment of cavalry, and
served under Beauregard in the southwest. He was
also chief of conscripts in the western department.
PILLSBURY, Amos, prison-reformer, b. in
New Hampshire in 1805; d. in Albany, X. V.. 14
July, is;:!. His father was a soldier in the ai-"!
1X12, and was warden of state prisons in New
1 lamp-hire and Connecticut for many years. The
son was appointed warden of the state prison of
Connecticut at Wethersfield, and held the post for
many years. After leaving Wethersfield he was
warden of prisons in other states for several years,
and for a short time superintendent of police in
New York city. The new penitentiary at Albany
was planned according to his suggestions, and he
became its superintendent, and continued there till
his death. He was severe and rigorous in his rule,
but possessed great organizing ability, and caused
prisons and penitentiaries under his superintend-
ence to become sources of revenue to the state. He
was considered a competent authority on questions
of moderate prison-reform, and in the summer of
1*72 attended the prison congress in London and
took part in its discussions.
P1LLSBURY, Parker, reformer, b. in Hamil-
ton. Mass., 22 Sept., 1809; d. in Concord, N. H., 7
July, 1898. He was employed in farm-work at Hen-
niker till 1835. when he entered Gilmanton theolog-
ical seminary. He was graduated in 1838, studied
a year at Andover, supplied the Congregational
church at New London, N. H., for one year, and then
abandoned the ministry in order to engage in anti-
slavery work. He was a lecturing agent of the New
Hampshire. Massachusetts, and American anti-sla-
very -i iciet ies from 1840 till the abolition of slavery,
and edited the " Herald of Freedom " at Concord,
N. H., in 1*40 and 1845-'6, and the " National Anti-
Slavery Standard " in New York city in 1866. In
1868-'7d he was the editor of the "Revolution," a
woman suffrage paper in New York city. Afterward he was a preacher for Free religious societies
in Salem and Toledo, Ohio, Battle Creek, Mich., and
other western towns. Besides pamphlets on reform
subjects, he has published "Acts of the Anti-Slavery
Apostles" (Rochester, N. Y., 1883). His brother,
Oliver, b. in Henniker, N. H., 16 Feb.. 1817; d. in
Concord. N. H., 22 Feb., 1888, was educated at Hen-
niker academy, taught in New Jersey in 1839-'47,
occupying a prominent place among the educators
of the state, returned to New Hampshire with im-
paired health, and was a farmer for the next seven-
teen years. He served three terms in the legislature,
was a state councillor in 18(52 and 1863. displaying
executive ability and energy in business connected
with the New Hampshire quota of troops, and in
1869 was appointed the first insurance commissioner
of the state, holding the office till his death.
PILMORE, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Tadmouth,
Yorkshire. England, 31 Oct.; 1739; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 24 July, 1825. He obtained his education
in John Wesley's school at Kingswood. and undertook the work of an itinerant or lay preacher under
Wesley's direction. In 1769 he came to this country
on a mission to establish Methodism in Philadelphia. He preached from the steps of the state-house
on Chestnut street, from stands in rare-fields, and
rode the circuit:- with his library in hissaddle-bags,
holding the first Methodist meeting in Philadelphia
in a pot-house in Loxley's court, and establishing
the first church that was owned by the Methodists
in Philadelphia. It is the present rhuivh of St.
George, and was an unfinished building purchased
from the Germans, which the British seized, when
they were in possession of the city, ami u~ed as cavalry riding-school. After the war ot the Revolution. Mr. Pilnioiv sought for orders in the Protestant Kpisccipal church. He was ordained deacon, 2T Nov., 17X5. by Bishop Seabury. and |irir-i two dav- later, by the same lii-lmp, ;ind beeame rector of three united parishes in the vicinity of Philadelphia. From 17X9 till 17!4 he served a> as-iMant I" li'ev. Dr. Samuel Magaw. lie was then called to Christ church. N'ew York city, where he remained ten years. In 1*04 he succeeded Dr. Magaw in the
