ISRAEL (Continued)
Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km
Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor
Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in
Airfields: 66 total, 55 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: most highly developed in the Middle East though not the largest; good system of coaxial cable and radio relay; 930,000 telephones (25.4 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 10 FM stations, 15 TV stations, and 25 repeater stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, second antenna planned
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 1,838,000; of 921,000 males 15-49, 580,000 fit for military service; of 909,000 females 15-49, 571,000 fit for military service; 35,000 males and 33,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service
ITALY
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LAND
301,217 km2; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban
Land boundaries: 1,702 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm
Coastline: 4,996 km
PEOPLE
Population: 57,353,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.3%
Nationality: noun—Italian(s); adjective—Italian
Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south
Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion)
Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region (for example, Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area
'Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region
Labor force: 22,372,000 (1980); 14.1% agriculture, 37.6% industry, 48.3% other (1980); 7.6% unemployment (1980); 1.5 million Italians employed in other West European countries
Organized labor: 50-55% (est.) of labor force
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Italian Republic
Type: republic
Capital: Rome
Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions; five with special statute (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle
